Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33367752›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2021

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Older Adults in Rural and Urban Areas in Mexico.

Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez, Nasim B Ferdows, Amit Kumar

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. Content Validity of a Scale Designed to Measure the Access of Older Adults to Outpatient Health Services.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  14. Article
  15. The potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on learnings.International journal of educational development · 2022
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  17. Observational
  18. Transmission Dynamics, Heterogeneity and Controllability of SARS-CoV-2: A Rural-Urban Comparison.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Maricruz Rivera-HernandezDepartment of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5623-9609
Nasim B FerdowsDepartment of Health Administration and Policy, Hudson College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.
Amit KumarDepartment of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff , USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0125-6759
Northern Arizona University · USProvidence College · USUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center · US

Funding

NIA NIH HHS R03AG05468602
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesMexico is among the countries in Latin America hit hardest by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large proportion of older adults in Mexico have high prevalence of multimorbidity and live in poverty with limited access to health care services. These statistics are even higher among adults living in rural areas, which suggest that older adults in rural communities may be more susceptible to COVID-19. The objectives of the article were to compare clinical and demographic characteristics for people diagnosed with COVID-19 by age group, and to describe cases and mortality in rural and urban communities.

methodWe linked publicly available data from the Mexican Ministry of Health and the Census. Municipalities were classified based on population as rural (<2,500), semirural (≥2,500 and <15,000), semiurban (≥15,000 and <100,000), and urban (≥100,000). Zero-inflated negative binomial models were performed to calculate the total number of COVID-19 cases, and deaths per 1,000,000 persons using the population of each municipality as a denominator.

resultsOlder adults were more likely to be hospitalized and reported severe cases, with higher mortality rates. In addition, rural municipalities reported a higher number of COVID-19 cases and mortality related to COVID-19 per million than urban municipalities. The adjusted absolute difference in COVID-19 cases was 912.7 per million (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.0-1746.4) and mortality related to COVID-19 was 390.6 per million (95% CI: 204.5-576.7). DISCUSSION: Urgent policy efforts are needed to mandate the use of face masks, encourage handwashing, and improve specialty care for Mexicans in rural areas.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesAgedAge FactorsCOVID-19FemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMaleMexicoPovertyRural Health ServicesRural PopulationUrban Health ServicesUrban PopulationCOVID-19 disparities in MexicoCOVID-19 inequalities in MexicoCOVID-19 in Mexico

Identifiers

PMID33367752
PMCPMC7798580
OpenAlexW3116489425

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.