ArticleEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2021
Post-operative pain following cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: insights from the BRUISE CONTROL trials.
Article in Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05575999 (Pain Management in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Insertion; Effectiveness of Bupivacaine, Ketorolac, Ketamine, vs Bupivacaine Alone in Reducing Postoperative Pocket Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pain Management in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Insertion; Effectiveness of Bupivacaine, Ketorolac, Ketamine, vs Bupivacaine Alone in Reducing Postoperative Pocket Pain
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of rhomboid intercostal plane block on local anaesthesia in cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Postoperative Pain Following a Retroauricular Approach Versus a Transcanal Approach in Tympanoplasty Type 1: A 14-Day Retrospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Guided Pectoral Nerve Block for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Implantation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Postprocedural Analgesic Benefit in an Asian Population.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Pain after subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: A secondary analysis of the PRAETORIAN-DFT trial.Heart rhythm O2 · 2025Article
- Wide-awake local anesthesia during insertion of cardiac implantable electronic devices: a randomized study.Postepy w kardiologii interwencyjnej = Advances in interventional cardiology · 2024Article
- Intraoperative ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve blocks for cardiac implantable device procedures.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2024Article
- Risk factors for hematoma in patients undergoing cardiac device procedures: A WRAP-IT trial analysis.Heart rhythm O2 · 2022Article
- The Practice of Deep Sedation in Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing Laboratories: Results of an Italian Survey Promoted by the AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing).Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 13 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsPost-operative pain following cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) insertion is associated with patient dissatisfaction, emotional distress, and emergency department visits. We sought to identify factors associated with post-operative pain and develop a prediction score for post-operative pain. METHODS AND
resultsAll patients from the BRUISE CONTROL-1 and 2 trials were included in this analysis. A validated Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of pain related to CIED implant procedures. Patients were asked to grade the most severe post-operative pain, average post-operative pain, and pain on the day of the first post-operative clinic. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of significant post-operative pain and to develop a pain-prediction score. A total of 1308 patients were included. Multivariable regression analysis found that the presence of post-operative clinically significant haematoma {CSH; P value < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) 3.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.37-6.16]}, de novo CIED implantation [P value < 0.001; OR 1.90 (95% CI: 1.47-2.46)], female sex [P value < 0.001; OR 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22-2.12)], younger age [<65 years; P value < 0.001; OR 1.54 (95% CI: 1.14-2.10)], and lower body mass index [<20 kg/m2; P value < 0.05; OR 2.05 (95% CI: 0.98-4.28)] demonstrated strong and independent associations with increased post-operative pain. An 11-point post-operative pain prediction score was developed using the data.
conclusionOur study has identified multiple predictors of post-operative pain after CIED insertion. We have developed a prediction score for post-operative pain that can be used to identify individuals at risk of experiencing significant post-operative pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.