Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33363734›Full record

ArticleClinical & translational immunology2020

NKG2D and MICA/B shedding: a 'tag game' between NK cells and malignant cells.

Samantha Xing, Lucas Ferrari de Andrade

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical & translational immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

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34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Samantha XingPrecision Immunology Institute New York NY USA.
Lucas Ferrari de AndradePrecision Immunology Institute New York NY USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2137-2271
New York Oncology Hematology · USPrecision Research (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic functions and recognise target cells with the NK group 2D (NKG2D) receptor. Tumor cells are marked for NK-cell-mediated destruction upon expression of MICA and MICB (MICA/B), which are NKG2D ligands upregulated by many human cancers in response to cellular stress pathways associated with malignant transformation such as DNA damage and accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, MICA/B proteins are downregulated by tumor cells via intriguing molecular mechanisms, such as post-translational modifications in which the external domains of MICA/B are proteolytically cleaved by surface proteases and shed into the extracellular space. MICA/B shedding by cancer cells causes effective escape from NKG2D recognition and allows the development of cancers. Patients frequently have increased concentrations of soluble MICA/B molecules shed in the blood plasmas and sera, thus indicating that MICA/B shedding is a therapeutic target in immune-oncology. Here, we review the clinical significance of MICA/B shedding in cancer as well as novel immunotherapeutic approaches that aim to restore NKG2D-mediated surveillance. We also briefly discuss potential roles of MICA/B shedding beyond oncology, such as in viral infections and immune tolerance. This review will help to inform the future developments of NKG2D-based immunotherapies.

Indexed as

cancer immunotherapyMICA and MICBNK cellsNKG2Dproteolytic shedding

Identifiers

PMID33363734
PMCPMC7754731
OpenAlexW3117356788

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.