ReviewFrontiers in oncology2020
Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Intricate roles of estrogen and estrogen receptors in digestive system cancers: a systematic review.Cancer biology & medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Cancer: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer may Worsen Prognosis in Elderly Women: Retrospective Analysis of Individual Patient Data from the CLASSIC Study.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Trial
- Dietary Polyphenols as Natural Modulators of NF-κB Signaling in Inflammation-Driven Non-Communicable Diseases: Focus on Cancer.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Influence of MASLD and MAFLD on long-term extrahepatic cancer incidence and cancer mortality in regional Australia.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- KCNE gene family: From basic functions to diseases.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Colorectal Tumor-Associated T-cell Responses.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on chemotherapy toxicity and efficacy in biliary tract cancer: Analysis of ABC, BILCAP trials and population data.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Myosteatosis mediates the link between specific dietary components and colorectal carcinogenesis: from PPLSS multi-center study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- The Evolving Burden of Colorectal Cancer in South Asia: A GBD-Based Analysis of Trends, Risk Factors, and Projections to 2035.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Multifaceted Role of Quercetin in Colorectal Cancer: An Integrative Review on Adipose Tissue Modulation and Direct Anti-tumor Mechanisms.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Review
- Drivers of systemic male-female allele frequency divergence in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Estrogen receptors and the NRF2 pathway: bridging hormonal regulation and stress response in the gut.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- From mono- to multi-cellularFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Analysis of Risk Factors and Assessment of miRNA-122 as a Novel Biomarker for Colon Cancer in Egyptian Patients.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Treatment Delays and Survival Divides: Race, Sex, and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Disparities.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- A Seer-Based Analysis of Survival Predictors in Stage I Colorectal Adenocarcinomas.Journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Sex differences of β-carotene effects in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced early colorectal cancer mice.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18-44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females through estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.