ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
3D Tumor Models and Their Use for the Testing of Immunotherapies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers.
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Exhibit Increased Proangiogenic Capacity in a Microphysiological Model of Tumor Neovascularization.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Challenges in tracer development for tumor microenvironment (TME) imaging.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Review
- Combination Immunotherapy as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance: From Emergence to Next-Generation Approaches.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Multimodal profiling of CAR T cells against glioblastoma using a microengineered 3D tumor-on-a-chip model.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma-natural killer cell crosstalk: insights from dynamic spheroid models reveal the importance of secreted cytokines and the CD155 axis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- 3D pentaculture model unveils malignant cell-driven macrophage polarization in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Functionalized Biomaterials in the Investigation of the Effects of Fluid Shear Forces in the Immune Regulation of Cancer Progression and Metastasis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Transforming Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Through Fluorescent Hydrogels: A Review.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Microfluidic chips for decoding cancer-immune crosstalk in immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plying potency assays for immunotherapy of solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems for precision oncology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Preclinical evaluation of CAR-T cell immunotherapy with a fully human EpCAM-specific scFv against pancreatic cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Spheromatrix: a paper-based platform for scalable 3D tumor model generation, cryopreservation, and high-throughput drug assessment.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Tumor organoids in cancer medicine: from model systems to natural compound screening.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Review
- EVI5 unveils a role of the oncogene in modulating the Rab11/PD-L1 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Endoglin-Directed CAR T Cells Comprehensively Target Tumors in Advanced Sarcomas.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- A 3D tumor spheroid model with robust T cell infiltration for evaluating immune cell engagers.iScience · 2025Article
- Antitumoral Efficacy of AuNRs-Laden ECFCs In Vitro and In Vivo: Decoding the Heat and Rays Combo Treatment in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Biomimetic Tumour Model Systems for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Relation to Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy has become a powerful and evident tool in the fight against cancers. Notably, the rise of checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies (anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1) to avoid interaction between inhibitory molecules allowed the betterment of patient care. Indeed, immunotherapies led to increased overall survival in forms of cutaneous melanoma or lung cancer. However, the percentage of patients responding varies from 20 to 40% depending on the type of cancer and on the expression of the target molecules by the tumor. This is due to the tumor microenvironment which allows the acquisition of resistance mechanisms to immunotherapies by tumor cells. These are closely linked to the architecture and cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment. This one acts on different parameters such as the immune cells infiltrate its composition and therefore, favors the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells as well as the tumor expression of checkpoint inhibitors such as Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1). Therefore, the analysis and modeling of the complexity of the microenvironment is an important parameter to consider, not only in the search for new therapies but also for the identification and stratification of patients likely to respond to immunotherapy. This is why the use of 3D culture models, reflecting the architecture and cellular composition of a tumor, is essential in immuno-oncology studies. Nowadays, there are several 3-D culture methods such as spheroids and organoids, which are applicable to immuno-oncology. In this review we evaluate 3D culture models as tools for the development of treatments in the field of immuno-oncology.
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