ReviewFrontiers in neurology2020
Pathophysiology of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Throughout the Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke and Its Implication on Hemorrhagic Transformation and Recovery.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 222 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
222 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 358 citations in OpenAlex.
- Net water uptake as a predictive neuroimaging marker for acute ischemic stroke outcomes: a meta-analysis.European radiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex on ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Association of acute kidney injury with the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2023Pooled it
- Endovascular Treatment for Patients Aged ≥80 Years with Large Ischemic Stroke.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Trial
- Feasibility of Wearable Devices for Motivating Post-Stroke Patients.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Exosomes in brain diseases: Mechanisms, advances, and perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Chitosan-Based Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery for Management of Neurological Disorders: Intrinsic Neuroprotective Action and Carrier Capabilities.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective effect of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol on blood-brain barrier ıntegrity and matrix remodeling in rats with transient bilateral carotid occlusion-ınduced ıschemia-reperfusion.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2026Article
- A combined extract ofJournal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Biomedical Materials and Fabrication Methods for Construction of In Vitro Neurovascular Unit Models.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Post-Hemorrhagic Neurovascular Microenvironment: Mechanistic Nodes, Cross-Stroke Comparisons, and Therapeutic Reprogramming.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- From Recanalization to Failed Recovery: No Reflow, No Rescue, and No Regrow After Thrombectomy.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Neuroprognostication After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: ECMO-Specific Challenges and a Multimodal Time-Sensitive Framework.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke: Drivers of Brain-Body Network Crosstalk.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and integrative machine learning approaches to blood-brain barrier biomarker profiling for personalized ischemic stroke management.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Lack of cortistatin drives neuroimmune and vascular dysfunction in brain ischemia.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- Targeted LNP-mediated delivery of VE-cadherin mRNA reduces vascular hyperpermeability in vivo.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in stroke inflammation: Therapeutic perspectives.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Post-recanalization administration of rapamycin improves functional outcome and reduces infarct size in a rat model of ischemic stroke.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Translational Barriers, and the Road Ahead.Biomedicines · 2026Review
162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface responsible for maintaining the central nervous system homeostasis. Its unique characteristics allow protecting the brain from unwanted compounds, but its impairment is involved in a vast number of pathological conditions. Disruption of the BBB and increase in its permeability are key in the development of several neurological diseases and have been extensively studied in stroke. Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent type of stroke and is characterized by a myriad of pathological events triggered by an arterial occlusion that can eventually lead to fatal outcomes such as hemorrhagic transformation (HT). BBB permeability seems to follow a multiphasic pattern throughout the different stroke stages that have been associated with distinct biological substrates. In the hyperacute stage, sudden hypoxia damages the BBB, leading to cytotoxic edema and increased permeability; in the acute stage, the neuroinflammatory response aggravates the BBB injury, leading to higher permeability and a consequent risk of HT that can be motivated by reperfusion therapy; in the subacute stage (1-3 weeks), repair mechanisms take place, especially neoangiogenesis. Immature vessels show leaky BBB, but this permeability has been associated with improved clinical recovery. In the chronic stage (>6 weeks), an increase of BBB restoration factors leads the barrier to start decreasing its permeability. Nonetheless, permeability will persist to some degree several weeks after injury. Understanding the mechanisms behind BBB dysregulation and HT pathophysiology could potentially help guide acute stroke care decisions and the development of new therapeutic targets; however, effective translation into clinical practice is still lacking. In this review, we will address the different pathological and physiological repair mechanisms involved in BBB permeability through the different stages of ischemic stroke and their role in the development of HT and stroke recovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.