ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2021
Axial spondyloarthritis: concept, construct, classification and implications for therapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors, Interleukin-17 Inhibitors, and Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A guideline on biomarkers in the diagnosis and evaluation in axial spondyloarthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Guideline
- Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Secukinumab in Patients With Active Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results From a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Trial
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- Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a withdrawal and retreatment study (GO-BACK).Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Trial
- Clinical and MRI features associated with remission following biological therapy in axial spondyloarthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- The potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of autoantibodies associated with Spondyloarthritis: a narrative review.BMC immunology · 2026Review
- Cycling to TNFi vs. Switching to IL-17Ai Among Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis: Real-World CorEvitas PsA/SpA Registry Data.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Multiomics combined drugs to explore the potential mechanism and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Frequency of difficult-to-manage and treatment-refractory axial SpA: insights from the German RABBIT-SpA register using recent ASAS definitions.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Exploration of Multidimensional Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis: From Traditional Medications to Emerging Immune-Targeted Perspectives.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Real-world clinical experience with upadacitinib in a cohort of Italian patients with axial spondyloarthritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The role of exosomes in ankylosing spondylitis: from biological features and functional cargo to clinical applications.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Biologic and targeted synthetic therapies in ankylosing spondylitis: a pharmacological review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Comparison of radiographic spinal changes and their progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis vs. psoriatic arthritis with inflammatory axial involvement.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Imaging pathways in spondyloarthritis: integrating radiography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, low-dose computed tomography, and artificial intelligence methods : Radiology and AI in SpA.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
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- Identification of an IL17RC missense variant in a Chinese family with multiple osteochondromas and ankylosing spondylitis.Journal of human genetics · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) disease concept has undergone substantial change from when the entity ankylosing spondylitis was defined by the modified New York criteria in 1984. Developments in imaging, therapy and genetics have all contributed to changing the concept of axSpA from one of erosions in the sacroiliac joints to a spectrum of disease with and without changes evident on plain radiographs. Changes to the previously held concept and construct of the disease have also necessitated new classification criteria. The use of MRI, primarily of the sacroiliac joints, has substantially altered the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of axSpA. Many in the axSpA community believe that the current classification criteria lack specificity, and the CLASSIC study is underway to examine this area. Although much about the evolving axSpA disease concept is universally agreed, there remains disagreement about operationalizing aspects of it, such as the requirement for the objective demonstration of axial inflammation for the classification of axSpA. New imaging technologies, biomarkers and genetics data will probably necessitate ongoing revision of axSpA classification criteria. Advances in our knowledge of the biology of axSpA will settle some differences in opinion as to how the disease concept is applied to the classification and diagnosis of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.