ReviewEuropean cytokine network2020
Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality.
Review in European cytokine network, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2021Pooled it
- Potential Clinical Benefits of Quercetin in the Early Stage of COVID-19: Results of a Second, Pilot, Randomized, Controlled and Open-Label Clinical Trial.International journal of general medicine · 2021Trial
- Re-evaluating cytokine storm syndromes: dysregulated host defense or contextual immune adaptation?European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Disproportionality Analysis of Adverse Events Associated with IL-1 Inhibitors in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a activates the endothelium to release von Willebrand factor that promotes thrombosis.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- A brief overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management strategies: a recent update.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Cytokine Profiling as Predictors of Disease Severity and Survival in Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Mental Healthcare in Pediatrics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call for International Public Health Action.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a positively regulates NF-κB activity by enhancing IKKβ-NEMO interaction.Virus research · 2023Article
- Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative taste alterations in COVID-19.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Observational
- A Three-Dimensional Xeno-Free Culture Condition for Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Pros and Cons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Important Role of Interleukin-2 in COVID-19.Journal of immunology research · 2023Review
- The JAK1/2 Inhibitor Baricitinib Mitigates the Spike-Induced Inflammatory Response of Immune and Endothelial Cells In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Article
- Identification of genomic determinants contributing to cytokine release in immunotherapies and human diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in Development and Treatment of COVID-19: Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immune Signature of COVID-19: In-Depth Reasons and Consequences of the Cytokine Storm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- An updated overview of recent advances, challenges, and clinical considerations of IL-6 signaling blockade in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Preparing for the next pandemic: Simulation-based deep reinforcement learning to discover and test multimodal control of systemic inflammation using repurposed immunomodulatory agents.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.