Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33360105›Full record

ReviewInternational journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance2021

Monitoring Plasmodium vivax resistance to antimalarials: Persisting challenges and future directions.

Marcelo U Ferreira, Tais Nobrega de Sousa, Gabriel W Rangel, Igor C Johansen, Rodrigo M Corder, Simone Ladeia-Andrade, José Pedro Gil

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A systematic review of CQ-resistantPathogens and global health · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Genomic Insights Into Host Shifts BetweenEvolutionary applications · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles FromInternational journal of microbiology · 2026
    Article
  8. Mapping Plasmodium falciparum mutations in Africa: A critical review of emerging drug resistance and implications for malaria control.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025
    Review
  9. Malaria.The New England journal of medicine · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Genetic Diversity of Potential Drug Resistance Markers inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Investigation of Mutations in theMicroorganisms · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. AreBiomedicines · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.

Marcelo U FerreiraDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: muferrei@usp.br.
Tais Nobrega de SousaMolecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Gabriel W RangelDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Igor C JohansenDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rodrigo M CorderDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Simone Ladeia-AndradeLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
José Pedro GilDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
Universidade de São Paulo · BRFundação Oswaldo Cruz · BRKarolinska Institutet · SEPennsylvania State University · USUniversity of London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging antimalarial drug resistance may undermine current efforts to control and eliminate Plasmodium vivax, the most geographically widespread yet neglected human malaria parasite. Endemic countries are expected to assess regularly the therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs in use in order to adjust their malaria treatment policies, but proper funding and trained human resources are often lacking to execute relatively complex and expensive clinical studies, ideally complemented by ex vivo assays of drug resistance. Here we review the challenges for assessing in vivo P. vivax responses to commonly used antimalarials, especially chloroquine and primaquine, in the presence of confounding factors such as variable drug absorption, metabolism and interaction, and the risk of new infections following successful radical cure. We introduce a simple modeling approach to quantify the relative contribution of relapses and new infections to recurring parasitemias in clinical studies of hypnozoitocides. Finally, we examine recent methodological advances that may render ex vivo assays more practical and widely used to confirm P. vivax drug resistance phenotypes in endemic settings and review current approaches to the development of robust genetic markers for monitoring chloroquine resistance in P. vivax populations.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsMalaria, VivaxChloroquineHumansPlasmodium vivaxPrimaquineAntimalarialsChloroquinePrimaquineChloroquineClinical studiesDrug resistanceEx vivo assaysMolecular markersPlasmodium vivaxPrimaquine

Identifiers

PMID33360105
PMCPMC7770540
OpenAlexW3113189725

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.