ArticleBiosensors & bioelectronics2021
Paper-based electrochemical biosensor for diagnosing COVID-19: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and antigen.
Article in Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 488 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Rise of Wearable Devices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Accuracy of novel antigen rapid diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: A living systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Point-of-Care Testing Modalities: Integrating Molecular, Immunological, Biosensor, and AI Approaches.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Electrochemical Lateral Flow Platforms: Pioneering the Future of Rapid Testing.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An engineered M13 phage-rGO electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of viral protein in complex matrices.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensors: An Updated Perspective Focused on Genosensing, Multiplexing, and Commercial Potential.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Optimizing Surface Functionalization for Aptameric Graphene Nanosensors in Undiluted Physiological Media.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Indium Tin Oxide-Based Voltammetric Biosensor for the Detection of Antibodies Against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Spike Protein.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Next-generation clinically relevant antibody detection: Unlocking electrochemical biosensors for critical disease management.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Molecularly imprinted polymers for illicit drug detection: A review of computational and synthesis methods.Talanta · 2025Review
- Paper-Based Fast-Flow Electrochemical Device Enabling Self-Calibrated and High-Throughput NADPH Measurements.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Digital Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in a Broad Spectrum of Animals.IEEE sensors journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Performance assessment of disposable carbon-based immunosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for the Detection of COVID-19.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Paper-Based Sensors: Fantasy or Reality?Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nano-modified biosensors for detection of pathogenic diseases: The prospect of smart, multiplex and point-of-care testing.ADMET & DMPK · 2025Review
- Impedimetric Sensor for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Detection: Performance Assessment with an ACE2 Peptide-Mimic/Graphite Interface.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Recent progress of black phosphorene from preparation to diversified bio-/chemo-nanosensors and their challenges and opportunities for comprehensive health.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Review
- Systematic Study of Various Functionalization Steps for Ultrasensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 with Direct Laser-Functionalized Au-LIG Electrochemical Sensors.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is emerging as a global pandemic outbreak. To date, approximately one million deaths and over 32 million cases have been reported. This ongoing pandemic urgently requires an accurate testing device that can be used in the field in a fast manner. Serological assays to detect antibodies have been proven to be a great complement to the standard method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), particularly after the second week of infection. We have developed a specific and sensitive immunosensor for immunoglobulin detection produced against SARS-CoV-2. Unlike other lateral flow-based assays (LFAs) involving the utilization of multiple antibodies, we have reported a label-free paper-based electrochemical platform targeting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies without the specific requirement of an antibody. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies will interrupt the redox conversion of the redox indicator, resulting in a decreased current response. This electrochemical sensor was proven effective in real clinical sera from patients with satisfactory results. In addition, the proposed format was also extended to antigen detection (the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2), which presents new possibilities for diagnosing COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.