ReviewThe Journal of investigative dermatology2021
TGFβ Signaling in Photoaging and UV-Induced Skin Cancer.
Review in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular Senescence and Immunosenescence in Melanoma: Insights From the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Identification of cancer-associated fibroblast biomarkers in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Melatonin Preserves Mitochondrial Redox Balance in UVB-Exposed Human Keratinocytes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- POSTN(+) fibroblasts and SPP1(+) macrophages in scar formation: A review of mechanisms and therapeutic targets (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Antibody-conjugated SIS3-loaded PLGA@polydopamine nanoparticles alleviate cardiac fibrosis by modulating Smad3 signaling in myofibroblasts.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- New Vistas for Withania somnifera in Signal Transduction of Inflammation and Aging.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Curcumin in High Doses Reverses the UV-B-InducedPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Minimally Invasive Anti-Aging Therapy: Incorporation of Resveratrol-Nicotinamide Cerosomes into PLGA Microneedles for Enhanced Skin Permeation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Protective Effect of Idebenone Against UVB-Induced Photoaging in HaCaT Cells.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Synergistic self-assembly and crosslinking yield a durable, bioactive, and injectable recombinant collagen implant for photoaging therapy.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Nanocomposite-loaded hybrid microneedles reshape dermal microenvironment through senolytic delivery and collagen XVII-mediated barrier repair.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Establishing an Improved Cellular Photoaging Model by Repeated UVA Exposure of Human Skin Fibroblasts.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing profiles age-related transcriptional landscapes in human hair follicle cells.hLife · 2025Article
- Cutaneous Melanoma in the Context of Aging.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Human collagen III mRNA therapy for effective skin rejuvenation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Origin, Classification, Tumorigenicity, and Targeting for Cancer Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- Colla Corii Asini regulate collagen regeneration in UV exposure-induced skin photoaging in mice.Chinese medicine · 2025Article
- Melanoma-Keratinocyte Crosstalk Participates in Melanoma Progression with Mechanisms Partially Overlapping with Those of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Role ofBiomedical reports · 2025Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
UVR is a major etiology for premature skin aging that leads to photoaging and UV-induced skin cancers. In the skin, TGFβ signaling is a growth inhibitor for keratinocytes and a profibrotic factor in the dermis. It exerts context-dependent effects on tumor progression. Chronic UV exposure likely causes TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling activation and contributes to metalloproteinase-induced collagen degradation and photoinflammation in photoaging. UV irradiation also causes gene mutations in key elements of the TGFβ pathway, including TGFβRI, TGFβRII, SMAD2, and SMAD4. These mutations enable tumor cells to escape from TGFβ-induced growth inhibition and induce genomic instability and cancer stem cells, leading to the initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Furthermore, UV-induced mutations cause TGFβ overexpression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of cSCC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous melanoma, resulting in inflammation, angiogenesis, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune inhibition, supporting cancer survival, immune evasion, and metastasis. The pleiotropic effects of TGFβ provide possible treatment options for photoaging and skin cancer. Given the high UV-induced mutational burden and immune-repressive TME seen in cSCC, BCC, and cutaneous melanoma, treatment with the combination of a TGFβ signaling inhibitor and immune checkpoint blockade could reverse immune evasion to reduce tumor growth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.