Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33357644›Full record

ArticleIndian heart journal

Gender differences in the epidemiology of Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD) patient population of hill state of northern India; 9 years prospective hospital based, HP-RHD registry.

Prakash Chand Negi, Arvind Kandoria, Sanjeev Asotra, Neeraj Kumar Ganju, Rajeev Merwaha, Rajesh Sharma, Kunal Mahajan, Shivani Rao

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Indian heart journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  6. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
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  12. Rheumatic heart disease burden and determinants in cardiac patients: A follow up care concern in Ethiopia.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Prakash Chand NegiIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India. Electronic address: negiprakash59@gmail.com.
Arvind KandoriaIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India.
Sanjeev AsotraIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India.
Neeraj Kumar GanjuIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India.
Rajeev MerwahaIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India.
Rajesh SharmaIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India.
Kunal MahajanIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India.
Shivani RaoIndira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, HP, India.
Indira Gandhi Medical College · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe report the gender-based differences in the prevalence, severity, pattern of valvular involvement, and complications in patients with Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD).

methodsThe 2475 consecutive patients with RF/RHD diagnosed using clinical and echocardiographic criteria were registered prospectively from January 2011 till December 2019. The association of gender with the pattern of valvular involvement, nature, and severity of valvular dysfunction and cardiovascular complications was analyzed using a logistic regression model, and odds ratios with 95% CI were estimated.

resultsThe mitral and tricuspid valve involvement was significantly lower in the male gender, odds ratio with 95% CI of 0.55 (0.44-0.61), and 0.69 (0.58-0.83) respectively, while the aortic valve was affected more frequently than females, odds ratio 1.36 (1.14-1.62). The severity of valvular disease had no significant association with gender, 0.99 (0.82-1.20). The association between gender and cardiovascular complications, heart failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillations were not statistically significant. The prevalence of RF/RHD was more than two-fold higher in female gender than male (71.4% vs. 29.6%, p < 0.0001).

conclusionsRF/RHD is more prevalent in females. Gender has a significant association with the pattern of valvular involvement. The severity of valvular dysfunction and cardiovascular complications had no significant association with gender.

Indexed as

RegistriesAdolescentAdultAgedChildEchocardiographyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospitalsHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceProspective StudiesRheumatic Heart DiseaseAdverse cardiovascular eventsEpidemiologyGenderPrevalenceRheumatic feverRheumatic heart diseases

Identifiers

PMID33357644
PMCPMC7772586
OpenAlexW3087544734

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.