ArticleDeutsches Arzteblatt international2020
The Decline in Outpatient Antibiotic Use.
Article in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation, adoption and impact of clinical decision support system for antibiotic prescribing in primary care: a systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical epidemiology and case fatality due to antimicrobial resistance in Germany: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- [Pharmacokinetic and metabolic considerations of antibiotic usage in children and the elderly].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- [Requirements for the rational use of antibiotics based on antibiotic stewardship].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Determinants of prescribing behaviour of antibacterial drugs in Europe and use of appropriate nomenclature in the literature.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Age-Specific Trends in the Prescription of Systemic Antibiotics, 2010-2024.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Article
- Stable Overall Volume, Shifting Structure: Nine Years of Paediatric Outpatient Prescribing and Dispensing in Finland, 2017-2025.Clinical epidemiology · 2026Article
- Similarities in the consumption trajectory of antibacterial drugs in the outpatient care sector in Germany from 1986 to 2022: identification of shared patterns, correlation analysis of prescribed defined daily dose and assessment of underlying influences.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Analyses of Adverse Drug Reactions to Fluoroquinolones in Spontaneous Reports Before and After the Referral and in Clinical Routine Cases.Drugs in R&D · 2025Article
- The use of the Prospector calculator reduces antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- [Antibiotic prescribing trends in German acute care hospitals from 2012/13 through 2021/22].Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2025Article
- Antibiotics Usage and Avoidance in Germany and Poland: Attitudes and Knowledge of Patients, Physicians, and Pharmacists.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- [Analysis of factors influencing outpatient paediatric antibiotic prescriptions in Bielefeld from 2015 to 2018].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- Drug Prescription Indicators in Outpatient Services in Social Security Organization Facilities in Iran.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2024Article
- Use of antibiotics in long-term care facilities for the elderly in Germany - point prevalence as a possible first step for data-based antibiotic stewardship.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
- Prescription of antibiotics for urinary tract infections in outpatient care in Bavaria: An analysis of routine data.PloS one · 2024Article
- The COVID-19 Pandemic Enhanced the Decade-Long Trend of the Decreasing Utilization of Antibiotics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outpatient Antibiotic Prescription Rates in Children and Adolescents-A Claims-Based Study in Germany.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Patterns and trends of antibacterial treatment in patients with urinary tract infections, 2015-2019: an analysis of health insurance data.BMC primary care · 2022Article
- Increased prescription rate of anti-infective agents after diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes.EJHaem · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA central component of the German antibiotic resistance strategy is to monitor the outpatient prescribing of systemic antibiotics nationwide, across all of the statutory health-insurance providers, in order to provide a basis for targeted quality-assurance measures.
methodsAll outpatient drug prescription data from patients covered by the statutory health-insurance carriers in Germany in the age groups 0-14, 15-64, and ≥ 65 years were assessed. The chosen primary outcome measure under study was the prescription rate (number of antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 insurees per year) for the years 2010 to 2018.
resultsOver the period of the study, a 21% decline was seen in the use of systemic antibiotics in outpatients, from 562 to 446 prescriptions per 1000 insurees per year in 2010 and 2018, respectively. The most marked reduction in the prescription rate-by 41%-was seen among child and adolescent insurees (in other age groups: -17% among those aged 15-64, -12% among those aged 65 and older). A downward trend was seen in all regions of Germany, and for most of the active substance groups for which data were obtained. In 2018, the prescription rate varied by a factor of 1.8 among regions, with the highest rate in the Saarland (572 per 1000 insurees per year) and the lowest in Brandenburg (318 per 1000 insurees per year).
conclusionThe observed nationwide decline in the prescription of antibiotics to outpatients in all age groups may be a result of the numerous initiatives that have been put into action to reinforce the appropriate use of antibiotics in Germany. A change in pediatric prescribing practices is demonstrated by the marked reduction in this age group. The remaining major differences across German regions underscore the importance of regionally tailored programs for the promotion of rational antibiotic use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.