ArticleEvidence-based mental health2021
Classification of psychotherapy interventions for people with schizophrenia: development of the Nottingham Classification of Psychotherapies.
Article in Evidence-based mental health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematically developed, comprehensive atlas of unique evidence-based psychological interventions for severe mental disorders.BMJ mental health · 2026Pooled it
- Transitional discharge interventions for people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Haloperidol (oral) versus olanzapine (oral) for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation in people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Antipsychotic dose reduction compared to dose continuation for people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Antipsychotic polypharmacy reduction versus polypharmacy continuation for people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Antipsychotics for schizophrenia spectrum disorders with catatonic symptoms.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (group) for schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Parenting interventions for people with schizophrenia or related serious mental illness.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Humour-based interventions for people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioral therapy targeting persecutory delusions in chronic outpatients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial on functional recovery and symptom severity.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Psychological interventions for depression in people with diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Mental Health Services for Serious Mental Illness: Scoping Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.Nursing open · 2025Article
- Exploring the link between cognitive deficit, self-esteem, alexithymia, and depressive symptom of schizophrenia.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, there is no accepted system for the classification of psychotherapies for application within systematic reviews. The creation of anuncomplicated, understandable and practical classification system is neccessary for conducting reliable systematic reviews.
objectiveTo devise a system for classification of psychotherapy interventions-for use, initially, in systematic reviews.
methodsCochrane Schizophrenia's Register used as the source of randomised controlled trial. After being piloted and refined at least twice, finally we applied it to all relevant trials within the register. Basic statistical data already held within the register were extracted and used to calculate the distribution of schizophrenia research by form of psychotherapy.
findingsThe final classification system consisted of six definable broad 'boughs' two of which were further subdivided into 'branches'. The taxonomy accommodated all psychotherapy interventions described in the register. Of the initial 1645 intervention categories within the register, after careful recoding, 539 (33%) were psychotherapies (234 coded as 'Thought/Action' (cognitive & behavioural)-1495 studies; 135 'Cognitive Functioning'-652 studies; 113 'Social'-684 studies; 55 'Humanistic'-272 studies; 23 'Psychoanalytic/dynamic'-40 studies; and 63 'Other'-387 studies). For people with schizophrenia, across categories, the average size of psychotherapy trial is small (107) but there are notable and important exceptions.
conclusionWe reported a practical method for categorising psychotherapy interventions in evaluative studies with applications beyond schizophrenia. A move towards consensus on the classification and reporting of psychotherapies is needed. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This classification can aid clinicians, clinical practice guideline developers, and evidence synthesis experts to recognise and compare the interventions from same or different classes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.