ArticleDrug testing and analysis2021
Performance evaluation of handheld Raman spectroscopy for cocaine detection in forensic case samples.
Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rapid semi-quantitative estimation of cocaine purity by infrared absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- Street drug monitoring with networked spectrometers powered by machine learning: a pilot study in Ontario, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- RamanBot: Versatile high throughput Raman system.PloS one · 2026Article
- Field-Portable Device for Detection of Controlled and Psychoactive Substances from e-Cigarettes.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Crucial Role of Chemical Enhancement in the SERS Analysis of Amphetamine-Metal Interactions on Gold and Silver Surfaces: Importance of Selective Amplification of the Narrow Interval of Vibrational Modes.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Forensic Analysis of Synthetic Cathinones on Nanomaterials-Based Platforms: Chemometric-Assisted Voltametric and UPLC-MS/MS Investigation.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Application of Paper-Based Microfluidic Analytical Devices (µPAD) in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology: A Review.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Fentanyl, etizolam, and beyond: A feasibility study of a community partnership using handheld Raman spectrometry to identify substances in the local illicit drug supply.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Point-of-care community drug checking technologies: an insider look at the scientific principles and practical considerations.Harm reduction journal · 2023Review
- Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
- Dataset of near-infrared spectral data of illicit-drugs and forensic casework samples analyzed by five portable spectrometers operating in different wavelength ranges.Data in brief · 2022Article
- On-site forensic analysis of colored seized materials: Detection of brown heroin and MDMA-tablets by a portable NIR spectrometer.Drug testing and analysis · 2022Article
- A calibration friendly approach to identify drugs of abuse mixtures with a portable near-infrared analyzer.Drug testing and analysis · 2022Article
- Raman Scattering-Based Biosensing: New Prospects and Opportunities.Biosensors · 2021Review
- Performance evaluation of handheld Raman spectroscopy for cocaine detection in forensic case samples.Drug testing and analysis · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Handheld Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technique for rapid on-site detection of drugs of abuse. Most devices are developed for on-scene operation with a user interface that only shows whether cocaine has been detected. Extensive validation studies are unavailable, and so are typically the insight in raw spectral data and the identification criteria. This work evaluates the performance of a commercial handheld Raman spectrometer for cocaine detection based on (i) its performance on 0-100 wt% binary cocaine mixtures, (ii) retrospective comparison of 3,168 case samples from 2015 to 2020 analyzed by both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Raman, (iii) assessment of spectral selectivity, and (iv) comparison of the instrument's on-screen results with combined partial least square regression (PLS-R) and discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. The limit of detection was dependent on sample composition and varied between 10 wt% and 40 wt% cocaine. Because the average cocaine content in street samples is well above this limit, a 97.5% true positive rate was observed in case samples. No cocaine false positives were reported, although 12.5% of the negative samples were initially reported as inconclusive by the built-in software. The spectral assessment showed high selectivity for Raman peaks at 1,712 (cocaine base) and 1,716 cm
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.