Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33354632›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2020

Nationwide temporal variability of droughts in the Kingdom of Eswatini: 1981-2018.

C M Tfwala, A G Mengistu, E Seyama, M S Mosia, L D van Rensburg, B Mvubu, M Mbingo, P Dlamini

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

C M TfwalaDepartment of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
A G MengistuDepartment of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
E SeyamaNational Disaster Management Agency, Deputy Prime Minister's Office, P.O. Box 8909, H100, Mbabane, Swaziland.
M S MosiaDepartment of Natural Science Teaching, Sol Plaatje University, Private Bag X5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa.
L D van RensburgDepartment of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
B MvubuDepartment of Agricultural Research and Specialists Services, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 4, M204 Malkerns, Swaziland.
M MbingoDepartment of Agricultural Research and Specialists Services, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 4, M204 Malkerns, Swaziland.
P DlaminiDepartment of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
University of the Free State · ZAPrime Minister's Office · BNSol Plaatje University · ZAUniversity of Limpopo · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For adequate mitigation and adaptation measures, it is essential to have detailed analysis of droughts patterns. This study determined the i) occurrence and severity of droughts ii) drought recurrence frequencies and iii) drought trends across different agro-ecological zones in the Kingdom of Eswatini for the period 1981 to 2018. A Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) computed from long-term precipitation data measured from six meteorological stations was used to determine drought occurrence and severity. Python software (Version 3.6) was applied on the SPI values to predict the recurrence of drought events over time in years. The SPI showed that in the Highveld, 42% of the droughts were moderate, 32% were severe and the remaining 26%, which all occurred post 1980 were extreme (SPI -2.34 to -2.82). The Middleveld had an even proportion of drought categories (29-35%). The Lowveld recorded 62% of moderate, 8% severe and 30% extreme droughts of which 70% occurred post 2000. Moderate droughts were found to recur every 4-5 years while extreme droughts are expected every 13-21 years. These findings are essential for mitigation and adaptation measures geared towards the adverse effects of droughts.

Indexed as

Agricultural water managementAgronomyClimatologyDroughtDrought re-occurrenceDrought trendsEarth-surface processesHydrologySeasonal shiftsStandardised precipitation index

Identifiers

PMID33354632
PMCPMC7744714
OpenAlexW3111586035

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.