ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
COVID-19 Policy Differences across US States: Shutdowns, Reopening, and Mask Mandates.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Systematic review of empirical studies comparing the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19.The Journal of infection · 2021Pooled it
- Local Responses to Limits on U.S. Public Health Authority During the COVID-19 Emergency.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Choosing an analytic approach: key study design considerations in state policy evaluation.Health services & outcomes research methodology · 2026Article
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Psychometric Properties of the COVID-19 Stress Scale in College Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparison of the efficacy of COVID-19 responses in South Korea and the United States.Global health action · 2024Article
- Visualizing multilayer spatiotemporal epidemiological data with animated geocircles.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 in USA.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Black and Hispanic Americans' Work Outcomes: a Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Differential associations of mask mandates on COVID-19 infection and mortality by community social vulnerability.American journal of infection control · 2024Article
- Assessing the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Consumer Mobility Patterns and COVID-19 Transmission in the US.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Resources needed by critical access hospitals to address identified infection prevention and control program gaps.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Changes in Quality of Life, Sleep, and Physical Activity During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Athletes.Journal of athletic training · 2023Article
- Gauging urban resilience in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic via social network analysis.Cities (London, England) · 2023Article
- Disrupted Routine Medical Visits in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic, January-June 2021.AJPM focus · 2023Article
- Article
- Race, masks, residency and concern regarding COVID-19 transmission.Journal of community psychology · 2023Article
- Judicial Review of Public Health Powers Since the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trends and Implications.American journal of public health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This work used event study to examine the impact of three policies (shutdowns, reopening, and mask mandates) on changes in the daily COVID-19 infection growth rate at the state level in the US (February through August 2020). The results show the importance of early intervention: shutdowns and mask mandates reduced the COVID-19 infection growth rate immediately after being imposed statewide. Over the longer term, mask mandates had a larger effect on flattening the curve than shutdowns. The increase in the daily infection growth rate pushed state governments to shut down, but reopening led to significant increases in new cases 21 days afterward. The results suggest a dynamic social distancing approach: a shutdown for a short period followed by reopening, combined with universal mask wearing. We also found that the COVID-19 growth rate increased in states with higher percentages of essential workers (during reopening) and higher percentages of minorities (during the mask mandate period). Health insurance access for low-income workers (via Medicaid expansion) helped to reduce COVID-19 cases in the reopening model. The implications for public health show the importance of access to health insurance and mask mandates to protect low-income essential workers, but minority groups still face a higher risk of infection during the pandemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.