ArticleObesity facts2021
Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration of Children Aged 6-9 Years in 25 Countries: An Analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015-2017.
Article in Obesity facts, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 24-h Movement Guidelines and Overweight and Obesity Indicators in Toddlers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2023Pooled it
- Nutrition, Physical Activity, and New Technology Programs on Obesity Prevention in Primary Education: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A multilevel school-based intervention on sedentary time in children: effectiveness and socioeconomic moderation results from the CIPRES cluster-RCT.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Screen Exposure and Childhood Adiposity in Socially Vulnerable Settings: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- A Pilot mHealth Text Messaging Program Targeting Parents During the First 2000 Days: Nonrandomized Repeat Cross-Sectional Analysis to Evaluate Feasibility, Engagement, Acceptability, and Potential Effectiveness.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Screen Time, Oral Health Status, and Sleep Disturbances in Children between 6 and 13 years: A Cross-sectional Study.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2026Article
- Associations Between Parental Physical Activity and Preschool Children's Physical Activity and Social Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Leisure-related injuries in children and adolescents: a generational comparison of 20 years in a level 1 pediatric trauma center.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- From Risks to Roots: The Multifactorial Etiopathogenesis of Childhood Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- Screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness in school-aged children: a sex-specific association independent of physical activity-evidence from Croatia.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Urban-rural differences in BMI status, 24-hour movement guideline compliance, executive functions, and motor skills in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific BMI, 24-hour movement behaviors, motor skills, and executive functions in Tunisian preschool children: an observational cross-sectional study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Is martial arts participation associated with sleep quality among Chinese adolescents? A cross-sectional baseline survey.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Obesity and Physical Parameters in Children: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Geographic Differences in Obesogenic Behaviors and Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents.Preventing chronic disease · 2025Article
- Trajectories of night light exposure and risk of overweight and obesity: a 15-year longitudinal cohort study of 218,239 Chinese children.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Early Digital Engagement Among Younger Children and the Transformation of Parenting in the Digital Age From an mHealth Perspective: Scoping Review.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Review
- Influence of Screen Time on Physical Activity and Lifestyle Factors in German School Children: Interim Results from the Hand-on-Heart-Study ("Hand aufs Herz").Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How Screen Time Affects Greek Schoolchildren's Eating Habits and Functional Food Consumption?-A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
58 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing.
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6-9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI).
methodThe fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015-2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children's PA, screen time, and sleep duration.
resultsNationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for >1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9-11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7-98.3% actively playing for >1 h/day, 8.2-85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7-94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3-80.0% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 50.0-95.8% slept for 9-11 h/night.
conclusionsThe prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children.
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