ReviewDiabetes research and clinical practice2021
Type 2 diabetes and viral infection; cause and effect of disease.
Review in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06236932 (PRIN "SIDERALE"), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PRIN "SIDERALE": Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases in obEsity: an endocRine trAnslational socioLogic Evaluation
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a predictor of severe outcomes in COVID-19 - a systematic review and meta-analyses.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Association Between Type 2 Diabetes and Viruses with Oncomodulatory Activity in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic, and Antidiabetic Potential ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Transcending risk factors: the implications of redefining diabetes as an immunometabolic disease for infectious disease studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- γδ T-cell interferon-γ production reflects metabolic improvement during SGLT2 inhibitor-based therapy in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Lys-specific gingipain (Kgp) ofmBio · 2025Article
- Association rule mining of time-based patterns in diabetes-related comorbidities on imbalanced data: a pre- and post-diagnosis study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Current Landscape of the Interrelationship Between Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TET2 has endothelial-specific roles in interferon responses that are dysregulated by hyperglycemia in vitro and in vivo.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- SOCS Proteins: Key Players in Immune Regulation During SARS-CoV-2 Infection.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Dexamethasone for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- MicroRNAs in diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- In-silico discovery of type-2 diabetes-causing host key genes that are associated with the complexity of monkeypox and repurposing common drugs.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The Impact of High Glycated Hemoglobin A1c on Prognosis in Patients with Bell's Palsy: A Propensity Score Matchingatched Analysis.The journal of international advanced otology · 2025Article
- Relationship between periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Meta-inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: unveiling the role of aberrant CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- The immunology of sickness metabolism.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has made abundantly clear that Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of more frequent and more severe viral infections. At the same time, pro-inflammatory cytokines of an anti-viral Type-I profile promote insulin resistance and form a risk factor for development of T2D. What this illustrates is that there is a reciprocal, detrimental interaction between the immune and endocrine system in the context of T2D. Why these two systems would interact at all long remained unclear. Recent findings indicate that transient changes in systemic metabolism are induced by the immune system as a strategy against viral infection. In people with T2D, this system fails, thereby negatively impacting the antiviral immune response. In addition, immune-mediated changes in systemic metabolism upon infection may aggravate glycemic control in T2D. In this review, we will discuss recent literature that sheds more light on how T2D impairs immune responses to viral infection and how virus-induced activation of the immune system increases risk of development of T2D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.