ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2021
Hypoxia in multiple sclerosis; is it the chicken or the egg?
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Central and Peripheral Alterations of Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from Multimodal Imaging.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Review
- Deciphering the microenvironment of adult neurogenesis: a perspective from neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Translational molecular imaging and drug development in multiple sclerosis.Theranostics · 2026Review
- The Prevalence and Characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Article
- Longitudinal proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in untreated multiple sclerosis defines evolving disease biology.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Analyzing Retinal Vessel Morphology in MS Using Interpretable AI on Deep Learning-Segmented IR-SLO Images.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hypoxia in multiple sclerosis.Redox biology · 2025Review
- Can supplementation with antioxidants improve cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis? A literature review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- A Hypoxia-Inflammation Cycle and Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Current treatment options in neurology · 2025Review
- From BBB to PPP: Bioenergetic requirements and challenges for oligodendrocytes in health and disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Reduced oxygen extraction fraction in deep cerebral veins associated with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
- SLO-Net: Enhancing Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Beyond Optical Coherence Tomography Using Infrared Reflectance Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Images.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Regulation of stress granule formation in human oligodendrocytes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Chemical Hypoxia Induces Pyroptosis in Neuronal Cells by Caspase-Dependent Gasdermin Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Reduced Oxygen Extraction Fraction in Deep Cerebral Veins Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Vascular multiple sclerosis: addressing the pathogenesis, genetics, pro-angiogenic factors, and vascular abnormalities, along with the role of vascular intervention.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, intense research effort has taught us a great deal about multiple sclerosis. We know that it is the most common neurological disease affecting the young-middle aged, that it affects two to three times more females than males, and that it is characterized as an autoimmune disease, in which autoreactive T lymphocytes cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in demyelinating lesions. But despite all the knowledge gained, a key question still remains; what is the initial event that triggers the inflammatory demyelinating process? While most research effort to date has focused on the immune system, more recently, another potential candidate has emerged: hypoxia. Specifically, a growing number of studies have described the presence of hypoxia (both 'virtual' and real) at an early stage of demyelinating lesions, and several groups, including our own, have begun to investigate how manipulation of inspired oxygen levels impacts disease progression. In this review we summarize the findings of these hypoxia studies, and in particular, address three main questions: (i) is the hypoxia found in demyelinating lesions 'virtual' or real; (ii) what causes this hypoxia; and (iii) how does manipulation of inspired oxygen impact disease progression?
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.