ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2021
Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, Rwanda and Bhutan.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of cervico-vaginal high-risk human papillomavirus prevalence in India prior to nationwide human papillomavirus vaccination.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Uptake and determinants of HPV vaccination in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- HPV vaccine: the key to a powerful shield against cancer.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Population impact of South Africa's human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme on HPV prevalence in adolescent girls with and without HIV: a repeat cross-sectional study.The Lancet. Global health · 2026Article
- Burden, Regional Trends and Risk Factors of Breast, Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2023: The Global Burden of Disease 2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Advancing the elimination of cervical cancer across Africa.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Turning the Tide on Cervical Cancer in India.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Article
- Examining stigma associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer screening and treatment in Africa: a scoping review.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
- Optimization and analytical validation of the Allplex HPV28 genotyping assay for use in first-void urine samples.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Gender-neutral human papillomavirus vaccination: an equitable and cost-effective public health investment.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Text messaging to improve uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination: a study among adolescent girls living with HIV in Kisumu county.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Article
- Concentration strategies for spiked and naturally present biomarkers in non-invasively collected first-void urine.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Improving HPV Vaccination Uptake Among Adolescents in Low Resource Settings: Sociocultural and Socioeconomic Barriers and Facilitators.Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Understanding Factors Contributing to Vaccine Hesitancy in a Large Metropolitan Area.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Follow-up of humoral immune response after HPV vaccination using first-void urine: A longitudinal cohort study.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Testing for Human Papillomaviruses in Urine, Blood, and Oral Specimens: an Update for the Laboratory.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Review
- Human papillomavirus vaccine effect against human papillomavirus infection in Rwanda: evidence from repeated cross-sectional cervical-cell-based surveys.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Article
- High-risk human papillomavirus genotype distribution among women living with HIV; implication for cervical cancer prevention in a resource limited setting.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: progression, barriers, and future prospective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rwanda and Bhutan, 2 low- and middle-income countries, implemented primarily school-based national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2011 (Rwanda) and 2010 (Bhutan). We estimated vaccination effectiveness through urine-based HPV prevalence surveys in schools in 2013-2014 and 2017. In Rwanda, 912 participants from baseline surveys and 1,087 from repeat surveys were included, and in Bhutan, 973 participants from baseline surveys and 909 from repeat surveys were included. The overall effectiveness against vaccine-targeted HPV types (i.e., HPV-6/11/16/18) was 78% (95% CI 51%-90%) in Rwanda, and 88% (6%-99%) in Bhutan and against other α-9 types was 58% (21-78) in Rwanda and 63% (27-82) in Bhutan. No effect against other HPV types was detectable. Prevalence of vaccine-targeted HPV types decreased significantly, as well as that of other α-9 types, suggesting cross-protection. These findings provide direct evidence from low- and middle-income countries of the marked effectiveness of high-coverage school-based, national HPV vaccination programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.