ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2020
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and arterial calcification in midlife women: the contribution of estradiol and C-reactive protein.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- HDL-cholesterol concentration and its association with coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Pooled it
- The correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and aortic valve calcification in the general population: a retrospective observational cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Early Midlife Cardiovascular Health Influences Future HDL Metrics in Women: The SWAN HDL Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Associations of Endogenous Hormones With HDL Novel Metrics Across the Menopause Transition: The SWAN HDL Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Observational
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveStudies suggest a reversal in the protective association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease in women traversing menopause. Decreasing estrogen levels during the transition, as well as inflammation, may explain this reversal. We tested whether either estradiol or C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations modified the association of HDL-C with aortic (AC) or coronary artery calcification (CAC).
methodsA total of 478 participants between ages 46 to 59 from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Heart baseline visit were included. AC and CAC presence were defined as Agatston score of 100 or higher and 10 or higher, respectively. Logistic regression was used for analysis.
resultsA total of 112 (23.53%) participants had AC 100 or higher and 104 (21.76%) had CAC 10 or higher. In unadjusted models, a 1-mg/dL higher in HDL-C was associated with 3% lower odds of AC (95% CI: 0.95-0.99) and 4% lower odds of CAC (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). In adjusted models, a significant interaction between HDL-C and estradiol with respect to AC but not CAC was detected, such that higher HDL-C level was protective at the highest estradiol quartile (odds ratio: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99 per 1 mg/dL higher HDL-C, P = 0.03) but tended to associate with greater risk at the lowest quartile (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.98-1.10 per 1 mg/dL higher HDL-C, P = 0.16). CRP did not modify any association.
conclusionsThe protective cardiovascular association of higher HDL-C levels on AC was modified by estradiol but not CRP concentrations. The pathways through which estradiol might influence this association should be further investigated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.