ArticleThe Journal of urology2021
Measuring Bladder Health: Development and Cognitive Evaluation of Items for a Novel Bladder Health Instrument.
Article in The Journal of urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium-Update for Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction (SUFU).Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Observational
- Abbreviated version of the Bladder Health Scales for women's research.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Validation of bladder health scales and function indices for women's research.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Article
- Healthy bladder storage and emptying functions in community-dwelling women measured by a 2-day bladder health diary.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2023Article
- Evaluating and understanding combination therapy decision drivers for the treatment of overactive bladder in the United States.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe describe the item development and cognitive evaluation process used in creating the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Bladder Health Instrument (PLUS-BHI). MATERIALS AND
methodsQuestions assessing bladder health were developed using reviews of published items, expert opinion, and focus groups' transcript review. Candidate items were tested through cognitive interviews with community-dwelling women and an online panel survey. Items were assessed for comprehension, language, and response categories and modified iteratively to create the PLUS-BHI.
resultsExisting measures of bladder function (storage, emptying, sensation components) and bladder health impact required modification of time frame and response categories to capture a full range of bladder health. Of the women 167 (18-80 years old) completed individual interviews and 791 women (18-88 years) completed the online panel survey. The term "bladder health" was unfamiliar for most and was conceptualized primarily as absence of severe urinary symptoms, infection, or cancer. Coping mechanisms and self-management strategies were central to bladder health perceptions. The inclusion of prompts and response categories that captured infrequent symptoms increased endorsement of symptoms across bladder function components.
conclusionsBladder health measurement is challenged by a lack of awareness of normal function, use of self-management strategies to mitigate impact on activities, and a common tendency to overlook infrequent lower urinary tract symptoms. The PLUS-BHI is designed to characterize the full spectrum of bladder health in women and will be validated for research use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.