Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33349814›Full record

ArticleAdvanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2021

Millimeter-Scale Soft Continuum Robots for Large-Angle and High-Precision Manipulation by Hybrid Actuation.

Tieshan Zhang, Liu Yang, Xiong Yang, Rong Tan, Haojian Lu, Yajing Shen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Soft Micromanipulation Robot for Real-Time Adaptive Multimodal Operation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Bio-Inspired Stored Magnetic Energy Actuator with Transient Triggering and Programmable Logic.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of Laser Ablation for Tumor Treatment.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. A Versatile Continuum Gripping Robot with a Concealable Gripper.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. A Survey on Design, Actuation, Modeling, and Control of Continuum Robot.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2022
    Review
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tieshan ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China.
Liu YangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China.
Xiong YangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China.
Rong TanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China.
Haojian LuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China.
Yajing ShenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China.ORCID 0000-0001-5799-7524

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Developing small-scale soft continuum robots with large-angle steering capacity and high-precision manipulation offers broad opportunities in various biomedical settings. However, existing continuum robots reach the bottleneck in actuation on account of the contradiction among small size, compliance actuation, large tender range, high precision, and small dynamic error. Herein, a 3D-printed millimeter-scale soft continuum robot with an ultrathin hollow skeleton wall (300 μm) and a large inner-to-outer ratio (0.8) is reported. After coating a thin ferromagnetic elastomer layer (≈100-150 μm), the proposed soft continuum robot equipped with hybrid actuation (tendon- and magnetic-driven mode) achieves large-angle (up to 100°) steering and high-precision (low to 2 μm for static positioning) micromanipulation simultaneously. Specifically, the robot implements an ultralow dynamic tracking error of ≈10 μm, which is ≈30-fold improved than the state of art. Combined with a microneedle/knife or nasopharyngeal swab, the robot reveals the potential for versatile biomedical applications, such as drug injection on the target tissue, diseased tissue ablation, and COVID-19 nasopharyngeal sampling. The proposed millimeter-scale soft continuum robot presents remarkable advances in large-range and high-precise actuation, which provides a new method for miniature continuum robot design and finds broad applications in biomedical engineering.

Indexed as

magnetic actuationsmicromanipulationsmillimeter-scale soft continuum robotstendon driven robots

Identifiers

PMID33349814
PMCPMC7744893

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.