Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33349701›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2021

Promoter-interacting expression quantitative trait loci are enriched for functional genetic variants.

Vivek Chandra, Sourya Bhattacharyya, Benjamin J Schmiedel, Ariel Madrigal, Cristian Gonzalez-Colin, Stephanie Fotsing, Austin Crinklaw, Gregory Seumois, Pejman Mohammadi, Mitchell Kronenberg and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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  16. Super-Enhancer DrivesAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Enhancer regulation in cancer: from epigenetics to mArchives of pharmacal research · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Vivek Chandra *La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-015X
Sourya Bhattacharyya *La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-8168
Benjamin J SchmiedelLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9378
Ariel MadrigalLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Cristian Gonzalez-ColinLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Stephanie FotsingLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Austin CrinklawLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-4533
Gregory SeumoisLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-6852
Pejman MohammadiDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Mitchell KronenbergLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-6445
Bjoern PetersLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ferhat AyLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA. ferhatay@lji.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-6914
Pandurangan VijayanandLa Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA. vijay@lji.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7067-9723
La Jolla Institute for Immunology · USScripps Research Institute · US

Funding

Single-cell atlas of lung tissue-resident memory T cells reactive to upper and lower respiratory tract pathogensU19AI118626 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI Alessandro Sette · 2015 to 2026
$36.7M
Scripps Translational Science InstituteUL1TR002550 · NCATS · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI TOPOL, ERIC JEFFREY · 2018 to 2022
$28.9M
Research Resources: Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Profiles of Human Immune CellsR24AI108564 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI MITCHELL KRONENBERG, Bjoern Peters · 2014 to 2026
$12.1M
Epigenomics of T cells and innate immune cells in human asthmaR01HL114093 · NHLBI · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI ARSHAD, SYED HASAN, PETERS, BJOERN · 2011 to 2020
$8.5M
Studying the function of human genetic variation in the light of 3D genome organizationR35GM128938 · NIGMS · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI Ferhat Ay · 2018 to 2026
$4.6M
Training in Immunological MechanismsT32AI125179 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI CROFT, MICHAEL · 2016 to 2025
$3.1M
Haplotype-aware models of gene and isoform expression with application to genetic studies of disease in diverse populationsR01GM140287 · NIGMS · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI GAMAZON, ERIC R, MOHAMMADI, PEJMAN · 2021 to 2024
$2.8M
Illumina HiSeq 2500 Sequencing SystemS10OD016262 · OD · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI RAO, ANJANA · 2013 to 2013
$600k
FACSAria II Cell SorterS10RR027366 · NCRR · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI CROFT, MICHAEL · 2011 to 2011
$514k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002550NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR027366NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL114093NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI108564NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI125179NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI118626NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM140287NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM128938NIH HHS S10 OD016262
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) studies provide associations of genetic variants with gene expression but fall short of pinpointing functionally important eQTLs. Here, using H3K27ac HiChIP assays, we mapped eQTLs overlapping active cis-regulatory elements that interact with their target gene promoters (promoter-interacting eQTLs, pieQTLs) in five common immune cell types (Database of Immune Cell Expression, Expression quantitative trait loci and Epigenomics (DICE) cis-interactome project). This approach allowed us to identify functionally important eQTLs and show mechanisms that explain their cell-type restriction. We also devised an approach to eQTL discovery that relies on HiChIP-based promoter interaction maps as a structural framework for deciding which SNPs to test for association with gene expression, and observe ultra-long-distance pieQTLs (>1 megabase away), including several disease-risk variants. We validated the functional role of pieQTLs using reporter assays, CRISPRi, dCas9-tiling guides and Cas9-mediated base-pair editing. In this article we present a method for functional eQTL discovery and provide insights into relevance of noncoding variants for cell-specific gene regulation and for disease association beyond conventional eQTL mapping.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationGenetic VariationPromoter Regions, GeneticAcetylationBase SequenceEnhancer Elements, GeneticEpigenesis, GeneticGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHistonesHumansJurkat CellsLeukocytesLysinePrincipal Component AnalysisQuantitative Trait LociHistonesLysine

Identifiers

PMID33349701
PMCPMC8053422
OpenAlexW3114206934

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.