ArticleNature microbiology2021
Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing global genomic surveillance for early detection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomics in Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance: An Exploratory Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intra-host variation and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreaks in Shandong, China.mSphere · 2025Article
- Analysis of the prevalence, spread, and mutation patterns of SARS-CoV-2 variants: data from COVID-19 testing expansion strategy study in salvador, Northeast Brazil.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike during the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of sampling methods for genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants in aircraft wastewater: advancing global early-warning systems for future pandemics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 introductions to the island of Ireland: a phylogenetic and geospatiotemporal study of infection dynamics.Genome medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of risk-based travel policy for the COVID-19 epidemic in Scotland: a population-based surveillance study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Spatial and temporal transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in New Zealand before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Routes of importation and spatial dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants during localized interventions in Chile.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Early unrecognised SARS-CoV-2 introductions shaped the first pandemic wave, Sweden, 2020.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Spatial and temporal transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in New Zealand before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Sequence signatures within the genome of SARS-CoV-2 can be used to predict host source.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Resilience to emerging infectious diseases and the importance of scientific innovation.Future healthcare journal · 2024Article
- Evolution of enhanced innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- A phylogenetics and variant calling pipeline to support SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology in the UK.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Mutational signature dynamics indicate SARS-CoV-2's evolutionary capacity is driven by host antiviral molecules.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Evolution of the viral genomes of SARS-CoV-2 in association with the changes in local condition: a genomic epidemiological study of a suburban city of Japan.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2023Article
- An appeal for strengthening genomic pathogen surveillance to improve pandemic preparedness and infection prevention: the German perspective.Infection · 2023Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
53 authors at 15 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Scotland on 1 March 2020. During the first month of the outbreak, 2,641 cases of COVID-19 led to 1,832 hospital admissions, 207 intensive care admissions and 126 deaths. We aimed to identify the source and number of introductions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into Scotland using a combined phylogenetic and epidemiological approach. Sequencing of 1,314 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from available patient samples enabled us to estimate that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced to Scotland on at least 283 occasions during February and March 2020. Epidemiological analysis confirmed that early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 originated from mainland Europe (the majority from Italy and Spain). We identified subsequent early outbreaks in the community, within healthcare facilities and at an international conference. Community transmission occurred after 2 March, 3 weeks before control measures were introduced. Earlier travel restrictions or quarantine measures, both locally and internationally, would have reduced the number of COVID-19 cases in Scotland. The risk of multiple reintroduction events in future waves of infection remains high in the absence of population immunity.
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Registered trials
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