ArticleJournal of nutrition education and behavior2021
Skin Carotenoid Status Over Time and Differences by Age and Sex Among Head Start Children (3-5 Years).
Article in Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Reflection Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Assessment in Children.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Examining Potential Modifiers of Human Skin and Plasma Carotenoid Responses in a Randomized Trial of a Carotenoid-Containing Juice Intervention.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Factors Among Preschool-Aged Head Start Children in Remote Alaska Native Communities: Baseline Data from the "Childhood obesity (Print) · 2023Trial
- Skin carotenoids indicate diet, serum carotenoids, and inflammation across obesity and metabolic status in children.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Evaluating a Smoothie-Based Nutrition Education Program to Improve Nutrition Security in Rural Adolescents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Strong Families Start at Home/Familias Fuertes Comienzan en Casa-Improving Child Diet Quality and Parental Feeding Practices: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Eating habits and carotenoid skin content among children based on their attendance at the school meals: A cross-sectional pilot study.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- Associations between food and beverage purchases and skin carotenoids among diverse small food retail store customers.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Macular Pigment Optical Density and Skin Carotenoids in a Childhood Sample.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Recommendations for the Use of the Veggie Meter® for Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Measurements in the Research Setting.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExamine differences in skin carotenoid status (SCS) based on time, age, and sex of preschool-aged children enrolled in Head Start (HS) in North Carolina.
designData were collected using surveys from participating families. preschool-aged children's SCS were measured 3 times over a 6-month period.
settingThree HS centers in North Carolina.
participantsOne hundred twelve children aged 3-5 years, enrolled in HS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Differences in SCS assessed using the Veggie Meter (Longevity Link, Salt Lake City, UT) based on time, sex, and age. ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA to assess SCS at time 1 between sex and age (n = 112). Repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction for assessment of SCS over time (n = 45) using Bonferroni correction.
resultsOn average, children were aged 4 years, African American (81.3%), male (57%), and had a mean SCS of 266 (SD = 82.9). Skin carotenoid status (Veggie Meter units) were significantly different over time (P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed between ages (P = 0.01) and sex (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The Veggie Meter is a promising tool to assess fruit and vegetable intake but needs to be validated in preschool-aged children as it has been in adults. Sex and age are potential confounders which should be assessed in future studies using the Veggie Meter.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.