Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33349506›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2021

Aging and Functional Health Literacy: A Population-based Study.

Mary Ganguli, Tiffany F Hughes, Yichen Jia, Jennifer Lingler, Erin Jacobsen, Chung-Chou H Chang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Low income and health literacy: a systematic scoping review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025
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  10. COVID-19 vaccine literacy: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mary GanguliDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: GanguliM@upmc.edu.
Tiffany F HughesDepartment of Health Professions, Bitonte College of Health and Human Services, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH.
Yichen JiaDepartment of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Jennifer LinglerDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Erin JacobsenDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Chung-Chou H ChangDepartment of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Funding

Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Community StudyR01AG023651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI GANGULI, MARY · 2005 to 2020
$27.1M
Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Community StudyR37AG023651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Carmen Andreescu, MARY GANGULI · 2021 to 2026
$18.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG023651NIA NIH HHS R37 AG023651
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate functional health literacy and its associated factors among older adults drawn from a disadvantaged area.

designCross-sectional epidemiologic study.

settingPopulation-based cohort randomly selected from the voter registration lists.

participantsIndividuals aged 65+ (N=1066). MEASUREMENTS: The Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA); demographics; self-rated health; number of prescription drugs; modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression scale; Mini-Mental State Examination; Wechsler Test of Adult Reading; Clinical Dementia Rating; cognitive domain composite scores; independence in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and medication management; health services utilization (emergency/urgent care visits and hospitalizations).

resultsLow (inadequate or marginal) S-TOFHLA scores were obtained by 7.04% of the sample. In unadjusted analyses, participants with low S-TOFHLA scores were significantly more likely than those with higher scores to be older, male, non-White, with lesser education and lower household income, to have lower scores on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and all cognitive domains; to be more dependent in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and be taking more prescription drugs. In a multiple regression model including all covariates, only older age, male sex, and lower reading level were independently associated with inadequate or marginal S-TOFHLA scores.

conclusionIn a population-based sample of older adults, low functional health literacy was associated with age, sex, education, and reading ability. Basic functional health literacy is essential for understanding health information and instructions. Clinicians should formally or informally assess health literacy in their older patients to ensure effective communication and enhance health outcomes.

Indexed as

Health LiteracyActivities of Daily LivingAgedAgingCross-Sectional StudiesEducational StatusHumansMalecommunity-basedepidemiologySelection: S-TOFHLA

Identifiers

PMID33349506
PMCPMC8197766

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.