ReviewVaccines2020
Understanding GroEL and DnaK Stress Response Proteins as Antigens for Bacterial Diseases.
Review in Vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut single-microbe landscape in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Microbial Survival, Sublethal Injury, and Recovery in Frozen Food Systems: Implications for Safety, Quality Deterioration, and Cold-Chain Control.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: molecular mechanisms, resistance determinants, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Robustness-by-design for Probiotic Foods: Mechanisms, Non-thermal Stress Conditioning, and Engineered Microenvironments.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Review
- A low-endotoxic Salmonella vector with dual bacterial-host promoter expression of Lawsonia intracellularis antigens elicits protective immunity in a murine model.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Multifunctional FePharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Genomic Characteristics of a Multidrug-Resistant Extraintestinal PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Use of shotgun immunoproteomics for the development of protein vaccines against Edwardsiella piscicida.Fish & shellfish immunology · 2026Article
- Complex compositional and metabolic response of river sediment microbiomes to multiple anthropogenic stressors.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Exploring the Protein Landscape of Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Through In Vitro Functional Studies.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Genome-resolved insights into hydrocarbon-transforming and nitrate-reducing microbial communities from deep petroleum reservoir cores of the Nashpa Oil Field, Pakistan.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Phage Display Selection and In Silico Characterization of Peptides as Potential GroEL Modulators.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Directed Evolution of AtMP2 Peptide: Unlocking Enhanced Antibacterial Potential fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative genomics uncovers adaptive and biotechnological potential of Enterobacter xiangfangensis MDMC82 isolated from desert, and highlights putative core Enterobacteriaceae functions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hsp60-Bearing Exosomes inCells · 2025Review
- Temporal and Spatial Profiling ofProteomes · 2025Article
- Off-target structural insights: ArnA and AcrB in bacterial membrane-protein cryo-EM analysis.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology · 2025Article
- Beyond Resistance: Tolerance and Resilience of Bacteria to Photodynamic and Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria do not simply express a constitutive panel of proteins but they instead undergo dynamic changes in their protein repertoire in response to changes in nutritional status and when exposed to different environments. These differentially expressed proteins may be suitable to use for vaccine antigens if they are virulence factors. Immediately upon entry into the host organism, bacteria are exposed to a different environment, which includes changes in temperature, osmotic pressure, pH, etc. Even when an organism has already penetrated the blood or lymphatics and it then enters another organ or a cell, it can respond to these new conditions by increasing the expression of virulence factors to aid in bacterial adherence, invasion, or immune evasion. Stress response proteins such as heat shock proteins and chaperones are some of the proteins that undergo changes in levels of expression and/or changes in cellular localization from the cytosol to the cell surface or the secretome, making them potential immunogens for vaccine development. Herein we highlight literature showing that intracellular chaperone proteins GroEL and DnaK, which were originally identified as playing a role in protein folding, are relocated to the cell surface or are secreted during invasion and therefore may be recognized by the host immune system as antigens. In addition, we highlight literature showcasing the immunomodulation effects these proteins can have on the immune system, also making them potential adjuvants or immunotherapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.