ReviewCancers2020
Characteristics of the Tumor Microenvironment That Influence Immune Cell Functions: Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Alterations.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low geriatric nutritional risk index as a poor prognostic biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in solid cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Comprehensive investigation of hypoxia-associated genes and their predictive significance in osteosarcoma.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Bioinspired Artificial Bioenergetic Organelles: Design Principles, Nanofabrication and Therapeutic Translation.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive Pathways in Cutaneous Melanoma: Functional Integration Between PD-1 and CD73 and Therapeutic Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrated bioinformatics approaches and expression assays identified a potential prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- T cell adaptation in chronic infections and tumors.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond the chaos: How architecture structures tumour biology.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
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- Review
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- Transcriptomic profiling of co-cultured cancer-host cells identifies hypoxia as a driver of the skeletal muscle cell's anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells.Oncogenesis · 2026Article
- The dysadherin/carbonic anhydrase 9 axis shapes an acidic tumor microenvironment to promote colorectal cancer progression.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omics and radiogenomic profiling decodes NNK-related tumor remodeling and prognostic stratification in pancreatic cancer.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Divergent role of CD8 T cells with distinct metabolic phenotypes during curative radio-immunotherapy in hot versus cold tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming networks in the gastric cancer tumor microenvironment: an integrated axis of nutrient competition, metabolic crosstalk, and immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Functionalized nanomedicines for co-targeting of multiple pathways to efficiently treat thyroid cancer: prospects and challenges.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: role in metabolic reprogramming.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Chemoresistance in the era of immunotherapy: challenges and novel combinatorial strategies for digestive system tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From immune exclusion to exhaustion: tumor microenvironment drives therapy response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy (IMT) is now a core component of cancer treatment, however, many patients do not respond to these novel therapies. Investigating the resistance mechanisms behind this differential response is now a critical area of research. Immune-based therapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), rely on a robust infiltration of T-cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) for an effective response. While early efforts relied on quantifying tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the TME, characterizing the functional quality and degree of TIL exhaustion correlates more strongly with ICI response. Even with sufficient TME infiltration, immune cells face a harsh metabolic environment that can significantly impair effector function. These tumor-mediated metabolic perturbations include hypoxia, oxidative stress, and metabolites of cellular energetics. Primarily through HIF-1-dependent processes, hypoxia invokes an immunosuppressive phenotype via altered molecular markers, immune cell trafficking, and angiogenesis. Additionally, oxidative stress can promote lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and Treg dysfunction, all associated with immune dysregulation. Finally, the metabolic byproducts of lipids, amino acids, glucose, and cellular energetics are associated with immunosuppression and ICI resistance. This review will explore these biochemical pathways linked to immune cell dysfunction in the TME and highlight potential adjunctive therapies to be used alongside current IMT.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.