Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33348533›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020

The Economic Cost of Tobacco Farming in Bangladesh.

Akm Ghulam Hussain, Abu Shara Shamsur Rouf, Shafiun Nahin Shimul, Nigar Nargis, Tara Mona Kessaram, Syed Mahfuzul Huq, Jagdish Kaur, Md Khairul Alam Shiekh, Jeffrey Drope

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Assessing the Level of Poverty and Utilization of Government Social Programs Among Tobacco Farmers in Indonesia.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Akm Ghulam HussainDepartment of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Abu Shara Shamsur RoufDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Shafiun Nahin ShimulInstitute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-0628-1056
Nigar NargisAmerican Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4501-1398
Tara Mona KessaramWorld Health Organization, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Syed Mahfuzul HuqWorld Health Organization, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Jagdish KaurWHO South East Asia Regional Office, Delhi 110001, India.
Md Khairul Alam ShiekhNational Tobacco Control Cell, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Jeffrey DropeSchool of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0147-9722

Funding

The Political Economy of Tobacco Farming in Low-and Middle-Income CountriesR01TW010898 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI DROPE, JEFFREY · 2017 to 2021
$1.5M
FIC NIH HHS R01 TW010898World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The extent of tobacco cultivation remains substantially high in Bangladesh, which is the 12th largest tobacco producer in the world. Using data from a household survey of current, former, and never tobacco farmers, based on a multi-stage stratified sampling design with a mix of purposive and random sampling of households, this study estimated the financial and economic profitability per acre of land used for tobacco cultivation. The environmental effects of tobacco cultivation on land and water resources were estimated using laboratory tests of sample water and soil collected from tobacco-cultivating and non-tobacco cultivating areas. The study finds that tobacco cultivation turns into a losing concern when the opportunity costs of unpaid family labour and other owned resources, and the health effects of tobacco cultivation are included. Tobacco cultivation poses a significantly high environmental cost that causes a net loss to society. Nevertheless, the availability of unpaid family labour and the options of advanced credit as well as a buy back guarantee from the tobacco companies attract farmers to engage in and continue tobacco cultivation. Therefore, supply side interventions to curb the tobacco epidemic in Bangladesh need to address major drivers of tobacco cultivation to correct the wrong incentives and motivate tobacco farmers to switch to alternative livelihood options.

Indexed as

NicotianaAgricultureBangladeshFarmersFarmsHumansalternative livelihoodseconomic cost of tobacco farmingenvironmental cost of tobacco farming

Identifiers

PMID33348533
PMCPMC7766910

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.