ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
Association of remote traumatic brain injury and military employment with late-life trajectories of depressive symptom severity.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and Predictors of Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Characterising Long-Term Depressive Symptoms Post-brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Symptom Trajectory Groups and Their Predictors.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- A prognostic model for long-term outcome in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury using multimodal neuromonitoring: a retrospective cohort analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) and military service are common lifetime exposures among current older adults that may affect late-life mental health. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) and military employment and late-life depressive symptom severity trajectory.
methods1445 males and 2096 females adults at least 65 years old without dementia or recent TBI were enrolled and followed biennially for up to 10 years in the Adult Changes in Thought study from Kaiser Permanente Washington in Seattle, Washington.
resultsUsing group-based trajectory modeling, we documented four distinct depressive symptom severity trajectories that followed a similar course in males and females (Minimal, Decreasing, Increasing, and Persistent). In multinomial regression analyses, TBI with LOC in males was associated with greater likelihood of Persistent versus Minimal depressive symptom severity compared to individuals without TBI (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.27; p=0.046). Males reporting past military employment had greater likelihood of Decreasing versus Minimal depressive symptom severity compared to individuals without past military employment (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.31; p=0.035). There was no association between TBI or military employment and depression trajectories in females, and no evidence of effect modification by age or between exposures. LIMITATIONS: Lifetime history of TBI was ascertained retrospectively and may be subject to recall bias. Also, past military employment does not presuppose combat exposure.
conclusionsRemote TBI and past military employment are relevant to late-life trajectories of depressive symptom severity in dementia-free older males.
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