ArticleInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics2021
Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Increases Delivery and Efficacy of Etoposide for Glioblastoma Treatment.
Article in International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of low- and high-intensity focused ultrasound in glioblastoma: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.British journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Guideline
- MRI Guided Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutic Cells to the Brain: A Review of the State-of-the-Art Methodology and Future Applications.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Next-generation therapeutics for glioblastoma: Challenges and future directions.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Applications of transcranial focused ultrasound for primary brain tumors.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Transient blood-brain barrier opening by focused ultrasound enhances ferumoxytol accumulation in glioblastoma.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Enhanced Drug Delivery in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: A New Therapeutic Strategy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Locoregional Delivery of miRNAs for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Systematic Review of Advances in Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Integrative bioinformatics analysis identifies APOE as a candidate link between lipid dysregulation and macrophage activation in inborn errors of metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Targeting the C3 signaling axis of the complement system: immune microenvironment regulation and emerging therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lanthanide Nanotheranostics in Radiotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Brain neurovascular unit in response to intra- and extra-central nervous system cancers: implications, mechanisms, and challenges.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Alteration of Essential Cell Function by Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Cavitation.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Diagnostic ultrasound irradiation combined with microbubbles to modulate carotid body activity for the treatment of obesity-related hypertension in rabbits.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Harnessing ferroptosis to transform glioblastoma therapy and surmount treatment resistance.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Precise antibody delivery to the brain via nanobubble-actuated focused ultrasound alleviates depression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Focused ultrasound-mediated temozolomide delivery into intact blood-brain barrier tissue improves survival in patient-derived xenograft model of glioblastoma.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Advances and innovations in ultrasound-based tumor management: current applications and emerging directions.The ultrasound journal · 2025Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGlioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease. With the current treatment of surgery followed by chemoradiation, outcomes remain poor, with median survival of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 6.8%. A challenge in treating GBM is the heterogeneous integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the bioavailability of systemic therapies to the brain. There is a growing interest in enhancing drug delivery by opening the BBB with the use of focused ultrasound (FUS). We hypothesize that an FUS-mediated BBB opening can enhance the delivery of etoposide for a therapeutic benefit in GBM. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A murine glioma cell line (Pdgf
resultsThe murine glioma cell line is sensitive to etoposide in vitro. MR imaging and passive cavitation detection demonstrate the safe and successful BBB opening with FUS. The combined treatment of an FUS-mediated BBB opening and etoposide decreased tumor growth by 45% and prolonged median overall survival by 6 days: an approximately 30% increase. The FUS-mediated BBB opening increased the brain tumor-to-serum ratio of etoposide by 3.5-fold and increased the etoposide concentration in brain tumor tissue by 8-fold compared with treatment without ultrasound.
conclusionsThe current study demonstrates that BBB opening with FUS increases intratumoral delivery of etoposide in the brain, resulting in local control and overall survival benefits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.