ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2019
Humans Optimize Ground Contact Time and Leg Stiffness to Minimize the Metabolic Cost of Running.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effect of Strength Training Methods on Middle-Distance and Long-Distance Runners' Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Running Biomechanics and Running Economy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Strength Training Programs in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners' Economy at Different Running Speeds: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Running economy and lower extremity stiffness in endurance runners: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of high-intensity interval cross training and classical training on physical and sprint performance in male junior sprinters.PloS one · 2026Trial
- The Biomechanical Signature of Elite Distance Running: A Matched Pairs Analysis Across Multiple Speeds.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- The Heel-Strike Fallacy and Cadence Beliefs in Distance Running: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Mind to Move: A Narrative Review of Individualized Running Biomechanics Beyond the Spring-Mass Model.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Jumping on the moon as a potential exercise countermeasure.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Use of the STRYDSports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stiffness and Running Performance: From the Tissue to the Body: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Highly Trained Female Runners Show Greater Durability and Physiological Resilience Than Performance-Matched Male Counterparts.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Biomechanical Factors Associated with Intraindividual Differences in Running Economy Across Advanced Footwear Technology Models in Long-Distance Runners.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Fatigue effects on angular kinematics in male recreational runners grouped by functional response.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Physiological Resilience: What Is It and How Might It Be Trained?Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Review
- Professional long distance runners achieve high efficiency at the cost of weak orbital stability.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Running Economy Changes Alter Predicted Running Speed and Performance in Collegiate Runners.International journal of exercise science · 2024Article
- Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners.PloS one · 2024Article
- Stride-to-stride variability and fluctuations at intensities around lactate threshold in distance runners.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Performance of Different Accelerometry-Based Metrics to Estimate Oxygen Consumption during Track and Treadmill Locomotion over a Wide Intensity Range.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trained endurance runners appear to fine-tune running mechanics to minimize metabolic cost. Referred to as self-optimization, the support for this concept has primarily been collated from only a few gait (e.g., stride frequency, length) and physiological (e.g., oxygen consumption, heart rate) characteristics. To extend our understanding, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of manipulating ground contact time on the metabolic cost of running in trained endurance runners. Additionally, the relationships between metabolic cost, and leg stiffness and perceived effort were examined. Ten participants completed 5 × 6-min treadmill running conditions. Self-selected ground contact time and step frequency were determined during habitual running, which was followed by ground contact times being increased or decreased in four subsequent conditions whilst maintaining step frequency (2.67 ± 0.15 Hz). The same self-selected running velocity was used across all conditions for each participant (12.7 ± 1.6 km · h
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