Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33344042›Full record

ArticleOncoimmunology2020

MIF inhibition as a strategy for overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in melanoma.

Ricardo A de Azevedo, Einav Shoshan, Shanzhi Whang, Gal Markel, Ashvin R Jaiswal, Arthur Liu, Michael A Curran, Luiz R Travassos, Menashe Bar-Eli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Oncoimmunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. CD74Journal of translational medicine · 2025
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  19. Multi-omics and machine learning-driven CD8Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ricardo A de AzevedoDepartment of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Einav ShoshanDepartment of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Shanzhi WhangDepartment of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Gal MarkelThe Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel.
Ashvin R JaiswalDepartment of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Arthur LiuDepartment of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Michael A CurranGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health, Houston, TX, USA.
Luiz R TravassosExperimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Menashe Bar-EliDepartment of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated an impressive outcome in patients with metastatic melanoma, yet, durable complete response; even with Ipilimumab/Nivolumab combo are under 30%. Primary and acquired resistance in response to ICB is commonly due to a tumor immune escape mechanism dictated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophage Migratory Inhibition Factor (MIF) has emerged as an immunosuppressive factor secreted in the TME. We have previously demonstrated that blockade of the MIF-CD74 signaling on macrophages and dendritic cells restored the anti-tumor immune response against melanoma. Here, we report that inhibition of the MIF-CD74 axis combined with ipilimumab could render resistant melanoma to better respond to anti-CTLA-4 treatment. We provide evidence that blocking the MIF-CD74 signaling potentiates CD8+ T-cells infiltration and drives pro-inflammatory M1 conversion of macrophages in the TME. Furthermore, MIF inhibition resulted in reprogramming the metabolic pathway by reducing lactate production, HIF-1α and PD-L1 expression in the resistant melanoma cells. Melanoma patient data extracted from the TCGA database supports the hypothesis that high MIF expression strongly correlates with poor response to ICB therapy. Our findings provide a rationale for combining anti-CTLA-4 with MIF inhibitors as a potential strategy to overcome resistance to ICB therapy in melanoma, turning a "cold" tumor into a "hot" one mediated by the activation of innate immunity and reprogramming of tumor metabolism and reduced PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells.

Indexed as

Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsMelanomaHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsIntramolecular OxidoreductasesIpilimumabTumor MicroenvironmentImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsIntramolecular OxidoreductasesIpilimumabMacrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsMIF protein, humancombined modality therapyimmune checkpoint therapyMacrophage Migratory Inhibition FactorMelanomatumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID33344042
PMCPMC7733907

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.