ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2021
How handling extreme C-reactive protein (CRP) values and regularization influences CRP and depression criteria associations in network analyses.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis of depression in adolescence signals improved inflammatory health in adulthood: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Hierarchical Phenotyping of Psychopathology: Implications and Opportunities for Precision Psychiatry When Biology Could Be Associated With Both Symptoms and Syndromes.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Adverse childhood experiences, inflammation, and depression: evidence of sex- and stressor specific effects in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of U.S. adolescents.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- On the pursuit of reproducibility: the importance of large sample sizes in psychoimmunology.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sleep efficiency and event-related potentials in patients with depression: the mediating role of serum C-reactive protein.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex-specific associations between levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and severity of depression: retrospective cross-sectional analysis of inpatients in China.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Ketamine's mechanism of action with an emphasis on neuroimmune regulation: can the complement system complement ketamine's antidepressant effects?Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Associations of depression and perceived physical fatigability with white matter integrity in older adults.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2024Article
- How is inflammation biology truly associated with depression in patients with stable coronary heart disease?: Insights from the heart and Soul study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Characterizing the hierarchical depression phenotype in sexually diverse individuals.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- Networks of C-reactive protein and depression symptoms in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2023Article
- A network analysis of depressive symptoms and metabolomics.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Mediation of the Association Between Vascular Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms by C-Reactive Protein.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Exploring the multiverse: the impact of researchers' analytic decisions on relationships between depression and inflammatory markers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- The future is dynamic: A call for intensive longitudinal data in immunopsychiatry.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Higher immune-related gene expression in major depression is independent of CRP levels: results from the BIODEP study.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Sex differences in childhood maltreatment, inflammation, and adulthood depression: A network analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Immune Response and the Fight against COVID-19.Oman medical journal · 2023Review
- Exploring Associations between C-Reactive Protein and Self-Reported Interoception in Major Depressive Disorder: A Bayesian Analysis.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Hierarchical Inflammatory Phenotypes of Depression: A Novel Approach Across Five Independent Samples and 27,730 Adults.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Increasingly, it has been recognized that analysis at the symptom, rather than diagnostic, level will drive progress in the field of immunopsychiatry. Network analysis offers a useful tool in this pursuit with the ability to identify associations between immune markers and individual symptoms, independent of all other variables modeled. However, investigation into how methodological decisions (i.e., including vs. excluding participants with C-reactive protein (CRP) >10 mg/L, regularized vs. nonregularized networks) influence results is necessary to establish best practices for the use of network analysis in immunopsychiatry. In a sample of 3,464 adult participants from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset, this study found consistent support for associations between CRP and fatigue and changes in appetite and some support for additional CRP-criterion associations. Methodologically, results consistently demonstrated that including individuals with CRP >10 mg/L and estimating nonregularized networks provided better estimates of these associations. Thus, we recommend considering the use of nonregularized networks in immunopsychiatry and inclusion of cases with CRP values >10 mg/L when testing the association between CRP and depression criteria, unless contraindicated by the research question being tested. Additionally, results most consistently suggest that CRP is uniquely related to fatigue and changes in appetite, supporting their inclusion in an immunometabolic phenotype of depression. Finally, these associations suggest that fatigue and changes in appetite might be particularly receptive to anti-inflammatory treatments. However, future research with more nuanced measures is necessary to parse out whether appetite increases or decreases drive this association. Further, longitudinal research is an important next step to test how these relationships manifest over time.
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