ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2021
Sex differences in parent-offspring recurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- ADHD Symptoms in Parents of Children With or Without ADHD: Prospective Association With Children's Quality of Life and Emotional and Conduct Problems (EPINED Cohort).Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Parental education level and ADHD diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: the moderating roles of gender, age, and family history of ADHD.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to implementing a Canadian shared-care ADHD program in pediatric settings in Shanghai: a consolidated framework for implementation research approach.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Prevalence of chronic and multisite pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD: a comparative study between clinical and general population samples (the HUNT study).European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Effortful Control Protects Against Familial Liability for ADHD: Longitudinal Results from the ABCD Study in the United States.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Multigenerational health research using population-based linked databases: an international review.International journal of population data science · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder sharing genetic risk factors with other common psychiatric disorders. However, intergenerational recurrence patterns of ADHD from parents to sons and daughters are not known. We aimed to examine the risk of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD and parents with other psychiatric disorders by parental and offspring sex, using parents without the specific disorders as comparison.
methodsIn a generation study linking data from several population-based registries, all Norwegians born 1967-2011 (n = 2,486,088; Medical Birth Registry of Norway) and their parents were followed to 2015. To estimate intergenerational recurrence risk, we calculated prevalence differences (PD) and the relative risk (RR) of ADHD in offspring by parental ADHD, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZ), major depression (MDD), all by parental and offspring sex.
resultsThe absolute prevalence of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD was very high, especially in sons of two affected parents (41.5% and 25.1% in sons and daughters, respectively), and far higher than in offspring of parents with BD, SCZ or MDD. Intergenerational recurrence risks were higher for maternal than paternal ADHD (RR
conclusionsThe intergenerational recurrence risks of ADHD were high and higher from mothers with ADHD than fathers with ADHD. Other parental psychiatric disorders also conferred increased risk of offspring ADHD, but far lower, indicating a sex- and diagnosis-specific intergenerational recurrence risk in parents with ADHD.
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