Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations in Dried Blood Spots From Pregnant and Postpartum Adolescent and Young Women Receiving Daily Observed Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03386578 (Pharmacokinetics, Feasibility, Acceptability, and Safety of Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Primary HIV Prevention During Pregnancy and Postpartum in Adolescents and Young Women and Their Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacokinetics, Feasibility, Acceptability, and Safety of Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Primary HIV Prevention During Pregnancy and Postpartum in Adolescents and Young Women and Their Infants
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherence and HIV Protection Thresholds for Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Preexposure Prophylaxis among Cisgender Women: A Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Pooled it
- Discontinuation, suboptimal adherence, and reinitiation of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. HIV · 2022Pooled it
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- Prenatal exposure to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and birth, growth, and social-emotional developmental outcomes throughout early childhood in Kenya: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- Safety and drug quantification of the dapivirine vaginal ring and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs (MTN-043): a phase 3B, open-label, randomised trial.The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) and Tenofovir Disoproxil (TDF) in pregnant and postpartum women in South Africa: PrEP-PP PK study.Antiviral research · 2024Trial
- In-utero exposure to tenofovir-containing pre-exposure prophylaxis and bone mineral content in HIV-unexposed infants in South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Trial
- Drug Concentrations in Hair and Dried Blood Spots as Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Metrics During Pregnancy and Postpartum.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Point-of-care testing for sexually transmitted infections and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among pregnant women in South Africa, 2021-2022: randomised controlled trial.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Trial
- Effect of 6-Month HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Dispensing With Interim Self-testing on Preexposure Prophylaxis Continuation at 12 Months: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Stepped care to optimize pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectiveness in pregnant and postpartum women (SCOPE-PP) in South Africa: a randomized control trial.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Predictors of 007 triphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots in persons with hepatitis C and active drug or alcohol use.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Trial
- IMPAACT 2041: Designing the Study of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Treatment During Pregnancy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Maternal and pregnancy outcomes in women offered daily oral preexposure prophylaxis during pregnancy and postpartum.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Developing a surveillance system for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in pregnancy in Malawi.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Novel application of dried blood spot tenofovir diphosphate to predict viral suppression in postpartum women with HIV in Malawi.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Twice-daily Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With HIV-associated Tuberculosis on Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Rifampicin.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Oral PrEP Use by Transgender Men in Uganda: A Multi-method Evaluation.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 16 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntracellular tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentration in dried blood spots (DBSs) is used to monitor cumulative pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence. We evaluated TFV-DP in DBSs following daily oral PrEP (emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir diphosphate 300 mg) among pregnant and postpartum adolescent girls and young women (AGYW).
methodsDirectly observed PrEP was administered for 12 weeks in a pregnancy (14-24 weeks' gestation, n = 20) and postpartum (6-12 weeks postpartum, n = 20) group of AGYW aged 16-24 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Weekly DBS TFV-DP was measured by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. Week 12 TFV-DP distributions were compared between groups with Wilcoxon test. Population pharmacokinetic models were fit to estimate steady-state concentrations and create benchmarks for adherence categories. Baseline correlates of TFV-DP were evaluated.
resultsMedian age was 20 (IQR, 19-22) years. Of 3360 doses, 3352 (>99%) were directly observed. TFV-DP median (IQR) half-life was 10 (7-12) days in pregnancy and 17 (14-21) days postpartum, with steady state achieved by 5 and 8 weeks, respectively. Observed median (IQR) steady-state TFV-DP was 965 fmol/punch (691-1166) in pregnancy versus 1406 fmol/punch (1053-1859) postpartum (P = .006). Modeled median steady-state TFV-DP was 881 fmol/punch (667-1105) in pregnancy versus 1438 fmol/punch (1178-1919) postpartum. In pooled analysis, baseline creatinine clearance was associated with observed TFV-DP concentrations.
conclusionsTFV-DP in African AGYW was approximately one-third lower in pregnancy than postpartum. These Population-specific benchmarks can be used to guide PrEP adherence support in pregnant/postpartum African women. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT03386578.
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