GuidelineVaccine2021
Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies: Report of a WHO Working Group.
Guideline in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ethical Frameworks for Conducting Social Challenge Studies.Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE · 2026Review
- Attenuated viral strains of priority pathogens for potential use in controlled human infection model studies: A scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring community and expert perceptions of the acceptability of an oropharyngeal gonorrhoea controlled human infection model in Australia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Rationale and Ethical Assessment of an Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea Controlled Human Infection Model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Perceptions of a Buruli ulcer controlled human infection model: How, who, and why?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Mixed-methods study assessing the acceptability and feasibility of Human Challenge Studies for Disease X in Healthy UK Adults in a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic setting.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- An oropharyngeal gonorrhoea controlled human infection model: a provisional protocol using a novelWellcome open research · 2025Article
- Symptoms and adverse events in controlled human infection models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Meeting Report: Controlled Human Influenza Virus Infection Model Studies: Current Status and Future Directions for Innovation.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- A scoping review of ethics review processes during public health emergencies in Africa.BMC medical ethics · 2024Article
- The Case for Human Challenge Trials in COVID-19.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2024Article
- Ethical approval for controlled human infectious model clinical trial protocols - A workshop report.Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization · 2024Article
- Anti-microbial efficacy of a scientifically developed and standardized herbal-alcohol sanitizer.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Human Challenge Studies for Vaccine Development : Regulatory Aspects of Human Challenge Studies.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2024Review
- A Brief History of Human Challenge Studies (1900-2021) Emphasising the Virology, Regulatory and Ethical Requirements, Raison D'etre, Ethnography, Selection of Volunteers and Unit Design.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2024Review
- Ethical acceptability of human challenge trials: Consultation with the US public and with research personnel.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Ethics of Controlled Human Infection Studies With Hepatitis C Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This report of the WHO Working Group for Guidance on Human Challenge Studies in COVID-19 outlines ethical standards for COVID-19 challenge studies. It includes eight Key Criteria related to scientific justification, risk-benefit assessment, consultation and engagement, co-ordination of research, site selection, participant selection, expert review, and informed consent. The document aims to provide comprehensive guidance to scientists, research ethics committees, funders, policymakers, and regulators in deliberations regarding SARS-CoV-2 challenge studies by outlining criteria that would need to be satisfied in order for such studies to be ethically acceptable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.