ArticleMedical hypotheses2021
Methylene blue in covid-19.
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylene blue for COVID-19 ARDS: insights from a randomized Clinical Trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Application of methylene blue for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A narrative review.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Review
- The Shift in the Behavior of Methylene Blue Toward the Sensitivity of Medium: Solvatochromism, Solvent Parameters, Regression Analysis and Investigation of Cosolvent on the Acidity Constants.Journal of fluorescence · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal based response for methylene blue removal using surface modified calcium carbonate microspheres coated withRSC advances · 2023Article
- The activity of methylene blue against asexual and sexual stages ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Methylene Blue Is a Nonspecific Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor with Potential for Repurposing as an Antiviral for COVID-19.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis and Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Visible Light-Driven Advanced Oxidation Processes to Remove Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater: a Review.Water, air, and soil pollution · 2022Review
- Structure, physicochemical properties, and adsorption performance of the ethyl cellulose/bentonite composite films.Cellulose (London, England) · 2022Article
- Repurposing methylene blue in the management of COVID-19: Mechanistic aspects and clinical investigations.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
- The oxygen dissociation curve of blood in COVID-19.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection generally begins in the respiratory tract where it can cause bilateral pneumonia. The disease can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure, due to viral spread in the blood and an excessive inflammatory reaction including cytokine storm. Antiviral and anti-cytokine drugs have proven to be poorly or in-effective in stopping disease progression, and mortality or serious chronic damage is common in severely ill cases. The low efficacy of antiviral drugs is probably due to late administration, when the virus has triggered the inflammatory reaction and is no longer the main protagonist. The relatively poor efficacy of anti-cytokine drugs is explained by the fact that they act on one or a few of the dozens of cytokines involved, and because other mediators of inflammation - reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - are not targeted. When produced in excess, reactive species cause extensive cell and tissue damage. The only drug known to inhibit the excessive production of reactive species and cytokines is methylene blue, a low-cost dye with antiseptic properties used effectively to treat malaria, urinary tract infections, septic shock, and methaemoglobinaemia. We propose testing methylene blue to contrast Covid-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, but particularly suggest testing it early in Covid infections to prevent the hyper-inflammatory reaction responsible for the serious complications of the disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.