ArticleInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2021
FIGO good clinical practice paper: management of the second stage of labor.
Article in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- A comparison in maternal and neonatal outcomes between mild fundal pressure and vacuum extraction for shortening the second stage of labor.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Labor Pain Management Practices and Associated Factors Among Licensed Obstetric Care Providers in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Involving mothers in monitoring their unborn babies during labour: experience from Liberia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Enhancing maternal autonomy in choosing birthing positions: an exploratory pre-post intervention study protocol (MAM-Care).BMJ open · 2026Article
- Nomogram Predicting Intrapartum Cesarean Delivery in Singleton Pregnancies at Term: A Prospective Observational Study Utilizing an Ultrasound-Based System.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Making sense of fundal pressure: A qualitative study on women's experiences of a non-evidence-based yet commonly practiced intervention.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Second stage of labor beyond 4 h in nulliparous patients with epidural analgesia: implications and outcomes-a retrospective cohort.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- "She helped from the first minute to the last" - Experiences of respectful maternal and newborn care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nampula Province, Mozambique.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Quality of care at childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium: a cross-sectional study based on WHO standards.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Use of the WHO partograph and Zhang's guideline for labor and delivery in China: implications for clinical practice.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Timing of cesarean section for prolonged labor in urban Tanzania: A criterion-based audit.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Engaging women to set the research agenda for assisted vaginal birth.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Article
- Episiotomy: Are Indian Obstetricians Getting the Angle Right?Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2024Article
- Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Second Stage of Labor according to the Mode of Delivery: A Prospective Study in Greece.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This good clinical practice paper provides an overview of the current evidence around second stage care, highlighting the challenges and the importance of maintaining high-quality, safe, and respectful care in all settings. It includes a series of recommendations based on best available evidence regarding length of second stage, judicious use of episiotomy, and the importance of competent attendants and adequate resource to facilitate all aspects of second stage management, from physiological birth to assisted vaginal delivery and cesarean at full dilatation. The second stage of labor is potentially the most dangerous time for the baby and can have significant consequences for the mother, including death or severe perineal trauma or fistula, especially where there are failures to recognize and repair. This paper sets out principles of care, including the vital role of skilled birth attendants and birth companions, and the importance of obstetricians and midwives working together effectively and speaking with one voice, whether to women or to policy makers. The optimization of high-quality, safe, and personalized care in the second stage of labor for all women globally can only be achieved by appropriate attention to the training of birth attendants, midwives, and obstetricians. FIGO is committed to this aim alongside the WHO, ICM, and all FIGO's 132 member societies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.