ReviewThe FEBS journal2021
APOL1 risk variants and the development of HIV-associated nephropathy.
Review in The FEBS journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies published between 2004 and 2019.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Survival of kidney transplantation in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of HIV among dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- APOL1 kidney disease: a critical narrative review of molecular mechanisms, clinical heterogeneity, and the emerging therapeutic landscape.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Association between sleep duration and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on the National health and nutrition examination survey database (2005-2020).Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Collapsing Glomerulopathy in a Patient With Malaria and Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report.Case reports in medicine · 2026Article
- G1 and G2 ApolipoproteinL1 modulate macrophage inflammation and lipid accumulation through the polyamine pathway.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy in children and adolescents: taking a hard look 40 years later in the era of gene-environment interactions.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2024Review
- Cardiac and Renal Comorbidities in Aging People Living With HIV.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Article
- Characterization of immortalized human podocytes infected with lentivirus as anAmerican journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- HIV-associated nephropathy in children: challenges in a resource-limited setting.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- FSGS and COVID-19 in Non-African American Patients.Kidney360 · 2023Review
- The Human Virome and Its Crosslink with Glomerulonephritis and IgA Nephropathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A glimpse into the future of systemic lupus erythematosus.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2022Review
- The Pathology Lesion Patterns of Podocytopathies: How and why?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Identifying and Validating of an Autophagy-Related Gene Signature for the Prediction of Early Relapse in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Viral Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- APOL1 and APOL1-Associated Kidney Disease: A Common Disease, an Unusual Disease Gene - Proceedings of the Henry Shavelle Professorship.Glomerular diseasesReview
- HIV-Associated Nephropathy in 2022.Glomerular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) remains a concern among untreated HIV patients, notably of African descent, as patients can reach end-stage renal disease within 3 years. Two variants (G1 and G2) of the APOL1 gene, common in African populations to protect against African sleeping sickness, have been associated with an increased risk of several glomerular disorders including HIVAN, hypertension-attributed chronic kidney disease, and idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and are accordingly named renal risk variants (RRVs). This review examines the mechanisms by which APOL1 RRVs drive glomerular injury in the setting of HIV infection and their potential application to patient management. Innate antiviral mechanisms activated by chronic HIV infection, especially those involving type 1 interferons, are of particular interest as they have been shown to upregulate APOL1 expression. Additionally, the downregulation of miRNA 193a (a repressor of APOL1) is also associated with the upregulation of APOL1. Interestingly, glomerular damage affected by APOL1 RRVs is caused by both loss- and gain-of-function changes in the protein, explicitly characterizing these effects. Their intracellular localization offers a further understanding of the nuances of APOL1 variant effects in promoting renal disease. Finally, although APOL1 variants have been recognized as a critical genetic player in mediating kidney disease, there are significant gaps in their application to patient management for screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.