ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Epigenetic biotypes of post-traumatic stress disorder in war-zone exposed veteran and active duty males.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiota-gut-brain-epigenome axis as a novel therapeutic target for decoding postpartum depression.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic and peripheral biomarkers of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal separation increases anxiety-like phenotypes, fear responses, and altersNeurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Dynamic responses in the human methylome to exertional heat exhaustion, heat injury, and heat stroke.Human genomics · 2026Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Long-Term miRNA Changes Predicting Resiliency Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Large Military Cohort-Millennium Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic Alterations in War-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.Bulletin of emergency and trauma · 2025Review
- The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota's impact on depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Resolving Heterogeneity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Individualized Structural Covariance Network Analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Emphasizing the Crosstalk Between Inflammatory and Neural Signaling in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Review
- Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- A Review of MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2023Review
- Molecular signatures of post-traumatic stress disorder in war-zone-exposed veteran and active-duty soldiers.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Exposure to war and conflict: The individual and inherited epigenetic effects on health, with a focus on post-traumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Review
- Examining the epigenetic mechanisms of childhood adversity and sensitive periods: A gene set-based approach.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of acute and chronic stress events associated with military exercises.Molecular omics · 2022Article
- Identifying subtypes of PTSD to promote precision medicine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- From genetics to systems biology of stress-related mental disorders.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
- Utilization of machine learning for identifying symptom severity military-related PTSD subtypes and their biological correlates.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition evidenced by the absence of objective physiological measurements applicable to all who meet the criteria for the disorder as well as divergent responses to treatments. This study capitalized on biological diversity observed within the PTSD group observed following epigenome-wide analysis of a well-characterized Discovery cohort (N = 166) consisting of 83 male combat exposed veterans with PTSD, and 83 combat veterans without PTSD in order to identify patterns that might distinguish subtypes. Computational analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles identified two PTSD biotypes within the PTSD+ group, G1 and G2, associated with 34 clinical features that are associated with PTSD and PTSD comorbidities. The G2 biotype was associated with an increased PTSD risk and had higher polygenic risk scores and a greater methylation compared to the G1 biotype and healthy controls. The findings were validated at a 3-year follow-up (N = 59) of the same individuals as well as in two independent, veteran cohorts (N = 54 and N = 38), and an active duty cohort (N = 133). In some cases, for example Dopamine-PKA-CREB and GABA-PKC-CREB signaling pathways, the biotypes were oppositely dysregulated, suggesting that the biotypes were not simply a function of a dimensional relationship with symptom severity, but may represent distinct biological risk profiles underpinning PTSD. The identification of two novel distinct epigenetic biotypes for PTSD may have future utility in understanding biological and clinical heterogeneity in PTSD and potential applications in risk assessment for active duty military personnel under non-clinician-administered settings, and improvement of PTSD diagnostic markers.
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