Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33339896›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2020

In-situ monitoring for liquid metal jetting using a millimeter-wave impedance diagnostic.

Tammy Chang, Saptarshi Mukherjee, Nicholas N Watkins, David M Stobbe, Owen Mays, Emer V Baluyot, Andrew J Pascall, Joseph W Tringe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tammy ChangLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA. chang52@llnl.gov.
Saptarshi MukherjeeLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
Nicholas N WatkinsLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
David M StobbeLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
Owen MaysLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
Emer V BaluyotLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
Andrew J PascallLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
Joseph W TringeLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.

Funding

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 19-ERD-008Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,United States 18-SI-001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article presents a millimeter-wave diagnostic for the in-situ monitoring of liquid metal jetting additive manufacturing systems. The diagnostic leverages a T-junction waveguide device to monitor impedance changes due to jetted metal droplets in real time. An analytical formulation for the time-domain T-junction operation is presented and supported with a quasi-static full-wave electromagnetic simulation model. The approach is evaluated experimentally with metallic spheres of known diameters ranging from 0.79 to 3.18 mm. It is then demonstrated in a custom drop-on-demand liquid metal jetting system where effective droplet diameters ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 mm are detected. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach can provide information about droplet size, timing, and motion by monitoring a single parameter, the reflection coefficient amplitude at the input port. These results show the promise of the impedance diagnostic as a reliable in-situ characterization method for metal droplets in an advanced manufacturing system.

Identifiers

PMID33339896
PMCPMC7749153

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.