Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33338735›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2021

Defining tic severity and tic impairment in Tourette Disorder.

Joseph F McGuire, John Piacentini, Eric A Storch, Emily J Ricketts, Douglas W Woods, Alan L Peterson, John T Walkup, Sabine Wilhelm, Kesley Ramsey, Joey K-Y Essoe and 6 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Childhood cognitive control as a predictor of long-term clinical and functional outcomes in Tourette syndrome.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026
    Trial
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  5. Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.

Joseph F McGuireDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA. Electronic address: jfmcguire@jhmi.edu.
John PiacentiniSemel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA.
Eric A StorchDepartment of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
Emily J RickettsSemel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA.
Douglas W WoodsMarquette University, USA.
Alan L PetersonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA; Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA.
John T WalkupAnn and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, USA.
Sabine WilhelmMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA.
Kesley RamseyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Joey K-Y EssoeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
Michael B HimleDepartment of Psychology, University of Utah, USA.
Adam B LewinDepartments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Florida, USA.
Susanna ChangSemel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA.
Tanya K MurphyDepartments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Florida, USA; All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, USA.
James T McCrackenSemel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA.
Lawrence ScahillMarcus Autism Center, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USBaylor College of Medicine · USEmory University · USHarvard University · USLurie Children's Hospital · USMarquette University · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · USUniversity of South Florida · USUniversity of Utah · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
TRAINING THE SCIENCE OF CHILD MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENTT32MH073517 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SUMA JACOB, John C. Piacentini · 2006 to 2026
$5.2M
Behavior Therapy for Children with Chronic Tic DisordersR01MH070802 · NIMH · TOURETTE SYNDROME ASSOCIATION, INC · PI PIACENTINI, JOHN C. · 2004 to 2007
$2.9M
Behavior Therapy for Adults with Tourette SyndromeR01MH069874 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SCAHILL, LAWRENCE D. · 2005 to 2009
$1.2M
Behavior Therapy for Adults with Tourette SyndromeR01MH069877 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WILHELM, SABINE · 2005 to 2009
$918k
Behavior Therapy for Adults with Tourette SyndromeR01MH069875 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI PETERSON, ALAN L · 2005 to 2008
$719k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069874NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069875NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069877NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070802NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH073517
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTreatment guidelines for Tourette's Disorder (TD) are based on patients' degree of tic severity and impairment. However, clear benchmarks for determining tic severity and impairment have not been established. This study examined benchmarks of tic severity and tic impairment using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S).

methodIndividuals with TD or another Tic Disorder (N = 519) recruited across nine sites were administered a diagnostic interview, the YGTSS, and the CGI-S. Correlations and trend analyses contrasted YGTSS scores across CGI-S ratings. A logistic regression model examined predictive benchmarks for tic severity, tic impairment, and global severity. Model classifications were compared against CGI-S ratings, and agreement was examined using kappa.

resultsSpearman correlations between the CGI-S and YGTSS scores ranged from 0.54 to 0.63 (p < 0.001). Greater CGI-S ratings were associated with a linear stepwise increase in YGTSS Total Tic scores, Impairment scores, and Global Severity scores. Despite moderate-to-strong associations (ρ = 0.45-0.56, p < 0.001) between the CGI-S and predictive logistical regression models, only fair agreement was achieved when applying classification benchmarks (κ = 0.21-0.32, p < 0.001).

conclusionsCGI-S ratings are useful to characterize benchmarks for tic severity, tic impairment, and global severity on the YGTSS. Logistic regression model benchmarks had only fair agreement with the CGI-S and underscore the heterogeneity of TD symptoms. Collectively, findings offer guidance on the delineation of tic severity categorizations to apply evidence-based treatment recommendations.

Indexed as

Tic DisordersTicsTourette SyndromeHumansSeverity of Illness IndexAssessmentClinical severityImpairmentTic severityTourette disorderYGTSS

Identifiers

PMID33338735
PMCPMC7867408
OpenAlexW3111725105

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.