Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33338558›Full record

SynthesisProgress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry2021

Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies.

Javier Santabárbara, Isabel Lasheras, Darren M Lipnicki, Juan Bueno-Notivol, María Pérez-Moreno, Raúl López-Antón, Concepción De la Cámara, Antonio Lobo, Patricia Gracia-García

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
201citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
30.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

201 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 433 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Anxiety Linked to COVID-19: A Systematic Review Comparing Anxiety Rates in Different Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  14. Prevalence of Anxiety in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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  15. Prevalence of Anxiety in Dental Students during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Javier SantabárbaraDepartment of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Medicine, Building A, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Avenue Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pavilion 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: jsantabarbara@unizar.es.
Isabel LasherasDepartment of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Medicine, Building A, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: 738605@unizar.es.
Darren M LipnickiCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Medicine, Randwick 2052, Australia. Electronic address: d.lipnicki@unsw.edu.au.
Juan Bueno-NotivolPsychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: jbuenon@salud.aragon.es.
María Pérez-MorenoPharmacy Service. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: marpermor159@gmail.com.
Raúl López-AntónCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Avenue Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pavilion 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: rlanton@unizar.es.
Concepción De la CámaraCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Avenue Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pavilion 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Antonio LoboInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: alobo@unizar.es.
Patricia Gracia-GarcíaPsychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: pgraciag@salud.aragon.es.
Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet · ESCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · ESInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón · ESUniversidad de Zaragoza · ESUNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe unprecedented worldwide crisis caused by the rapid spread of COVID-19 and the restrictive public health measures enforced by some countries to slow down its transmission have severely threatened the physical and mental wellbeing of communities globally.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two researchers independently searched for cross-sectional community-based studies published between December 1, 2019 and August 23, 2020, using PubMed, WoS, Embase, and other sources (e.g., grey literature, manual search).

resultsOf 3049 records retrieved, 43 studies were included. These studies yielded an estimated overall prevalence of anxiety of 25%, which varied significantly across the different tools used to measure anxiety. Consistently reported risk factors for the development of anxiety included initial or peak phase of the outbreak, female sex, younger age, marriage, social isolation, unemployment and student status, financial hardship, low educational level, insufficient knowledge of COVID-19, epidemiological or clinical risk of disease and some lifestyle and personality variables.

conclusionsAs the overall global prevalence of anxiety disorders is estimated to be 7.3% normally, our results suggest that rates of anxiety in the general population could be more than 3 times higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest a substantial impact on mental health that should be targeted by individual and population-level strategies.

Indexed as

PandemicsAdultAnxietyCOVID-19FemaleHumansMalePrevalenceAnxietyCommunity-based studiesCOVID-19Meta-analysisPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID33338558
PMCPMC7834650
OpenAlexW3111079837

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.