ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Reinfection With SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Vaccines.
Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Is a New Challenge for the Effectiveness of Global Vaccination Campaign: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Pooled it
- AI-guided multi-omics analysis identifies NPC1-modulated susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection under PMNature communications · 2026Article
- COVID-19 re-infection: a large cross-sectional population-based study in the northeast of Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Long COVID and Its Impact on COVID-19-Related Worries and Behaviors After Lifting the COVID-19 Restrictions in China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development, Current Status, and Remaining Challenges for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among blood donors from two Brazilian states in the post-vaccination period: a prospective cohort study.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Role of COVID-19 infection status on the prediction of future infection: Immunity or susceptibility.PloS one · 2025Article
- Reinfection and post-vaccination infection by SARS-CoV-2 in nursing professionals: a prospective cohort study, Recife, 2020-2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- A novel, scenario-based approach to comparing non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies across nations.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Relationship of various COVID-19 antibody titer with individual characteristics and prediction of future epidemic trend in Xiamen City, China.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of endothelial activation, hypercoagulation and thrombosis in COVID-19: a link with diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Article
- Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination among COVID-19 convalescents.Frontiers of medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Reinfection Rate and Related Risk Factors in Fars Province, Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine that elicits robust, durable, broad-spectrum neutralizing antisera in non-human primates.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Comparison of Levels of Nasal, Salivary, and Plasma Antibody to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 During Natural Infection and After Vaccination.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Evaluation of possible COVID-19 reinfection in children: A multicenter clinical study.Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie · 2023Article
- A pilot surveillance report of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test results among volunteers in Germany, 1st week of July 2022.Infection · 2023Article
- Reinfections from SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from the Gyncentrum Genetic Laboratory in Sosnowiec, Poland, April 2020 to July 2022.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become pandemic and the duration of protective immunity to the virus is unknown. Cases of persons reinfected with the virus are being reported with increasing frequency. At present it is unclear how common reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is and how long serum antibodies and virus-specific T cells persist after infection. For many other respiratory virus infections, including influenza and the seasonal coronaviruses that cause colds, serum antibodies persist for only months to a few years and reinfections are very common. Here we review what is known about the duration of immunity and reinfection with coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, as well as the duration of immunity to other viruses and virus vaccines. These findings have implications for the need of continued protective measures and for vaccines for persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.