ReviewJournal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research2020
Role of Host Immune and Inflammatory Responses in COVID-19 Cases with Underlying Primary Immunodeficiency: A Review.
Review in Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy decreases inflammatory cytokines: a randomized controlled trial.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- IFNAR2 p.F8S Variant Associates with Severe COVID-19 and Adaptive Immune Cell Activation Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Sentinel surveillance of COVID-19 in 2024-2025 shows the persistence of Omicron circulation and the introduction of the XFJ recombinant in the Republic of Guinea.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Pediatric COVID-19: clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Clinical features and risk factors for severe macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia induced by 23 S rRNA A2063G mutation: a retrospective observational study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Observational
- Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-mediated antiviral response protects mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, Clinical Significance, and Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses and Their Co-Infections in the Post-COVID Era.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genetic Conservation and Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Gene Across Variants of Concern.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- The effect of antibiotic prescription in non-critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A Japanese inpatient database study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The diagnostic accuracy of umbilical cord procalcitonin in predicting early-onset neonatal infection.PloS one · 2025Article
- Clinical relevance of lung microbiota composition in critically ill children with acute lower respiratory tract infections: insights from a retrospective analysis of metagenomic sequencing.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Observational
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association Between Vitamin A and D Status and the Risk of COVID-19 in the Elderly Population: A Single-Center Experience.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 and influenza in hospitalized children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- The impact of optimizing microbial diagnosis processes on clinical and healthcare economic outcomes in hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly and become a pandemic. Caused by a novel human coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine storm syndromes due to innate immune activation. Primary immunodeficiency (PID) cases represent a special patient population whose impaired immune system might make them susceptible to severe infections, posing a higher risk to COVID-19, but this could also lead to suppressed inflammatory responses and cytokine storm. It remains an open question as to whether the impaired immune system constitutes a predisposing or protective factor for PID patients when facing SARS-CoV-2 infection. After literature review, it was found that, similar to other patient populations with different comorbidities, PID patients may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their varied immune status, however, may lead to different disease severity and outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. PID patients with deficiency in antiviral innate immune signaling [eg, Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, TLR7, or interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)] or interferon signaling (IFNAR2) may be linked to severe COVID-19. Because of its anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, routine intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may provide some protective effects to the PID patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.