ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2021
Racial Differences in Alzheimer's Disease Specialist Encounters Are Associated with Usage of Molecular Imaging and Dementia Medications: An Enterprise-Wide Analysis Using i2b2.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Factors with Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Timely Dementia Diagnosis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Observational
- Social and Cardiovascular Risk Factors as Predictors of the Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia in a Large EHR Database.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Amyloid-β PET scans, economic strain and financial decision-making among persons with cognitive impairment and care partners: a mixed-methods analysis of the CARE-IDEAS study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Successful strategies for supporting diverse representation in Alzheimer's disease research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Proceedings of the Alzheimer's Diagnosis in Older Adults With Chronic Conditions Network Inaugural Annual Conference.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Scalable plasma and digital cognitive markers for diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- An outcome-wide analysis of the effects of diagnostic labeling of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias on social relationships.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's disease medication use and adherence patterns by race and ethnicity.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Contribution of life course cardiovascular risk factors to racial disparities in dementia incidence.Frontiers in dementia · 2023Article
- I2b2-etl: Python application for importing electronic health data into the informatics for integrating biology and the bedside platform.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Use of automatic SQL generation interface to enhance transparency and validity of health-data analysis.Informatics in medicine unlocked · 2022Article
- Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Among Adults Recruited for a Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Dementia Care in Diverse Older Adults in the U.S. Deep South and the Rest of the United States.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- Eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment in a multiethnic community-based study.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfrican Americans are at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but barriers to optimal clinical care are unclear.
objectiveTo comprehensively evaluate potential racial differences in the diagnosis and treatment of AD in an academic medical center.
methodsWe used the clinical informatics tool, i2b2, to analyze all patient encounters for AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System over a three-year period, examining neuroimaging rates and dementia-related medication use by race and clinic site using ratio tests on contingency tables of stratified patient counts.
resultsEnterprise-wide, African Americans were not underrepresented among outpatients seen for AD/MCI. However, there were differences in the clinic setting where visits occurred, with African Americans overrepresented in Geriatrics and primary care clinics and underrepresented in Memory Disorders specialty clinics. There were no racial differences in the rates at which any clinic ordered PET neuroimaging tests or dementia-related medications. However, unsurprisingly, specialty clinics ordered both PET neuroimaging and dementia-related medications at a higher rate than primary care clinics, and overall across the medical enterprise, African Americans were statistically less likely to have PET neuroimaging or dementia-related medications ordered.
conclusionAfrican Americans with AD/MCI were not underrepresented at this academic medical center but were somewhat less likely to have PET neuroimaging or to be on dementia-related medications, potentially in part from underrepresentation in the specialty clinics where these orders are more likely. The reasons for this underrepresentation in specialty clinics are likely multifactorial and important to better understand.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.