ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2021
Variety of endosomal TLRs and Interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ) expression profiles in patients with SLE, SSc and MCTD.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Roles of Prostaglandins PGD2, PGJ2, and PGE2 in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- PPAR-α Agonist Suppresses Expression of Immune Mediators in B Cells in a Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Endosome traffic in rheumatic diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- The Type I Interferon Axis in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: From Molecular Pathways to Targeted Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Shared and distinct peripheral blood immune cell landscape in MCTD, SLE, and pSS.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 8 is Expressed in Monocytes in Contrast to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Mediates Aberrant Interleukin-10 Responses in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Alterations in plasma cytokine profiles in generalized myasthenia gravis following different immunotherapeutic regimens.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Recent Advances of Type I Interferon on the Regulation of Immune Cells and the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Cytokines unveiled: their impact on oral and multisystem features of lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1): Molecular Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Cells · 2024Review
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- tRF-His-GTG-1 enhances NETs formation and interferon-α production in lupus by extracellular vesicle.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- MicroRNA-125b mediates Interferon-γ-induced downregulation of the vitamin D receptor in systemic lupus erythematosus.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Article
- Aberrant CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors: potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Review
- The star target in SLE: IL-17.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Review
- Targeting type I interferons in systemic lupus erythematous.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- IFN-γ, should not be ignored in SLE.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Progress in the application of body fluid and tissue level mRNAs-non-coding RNAs for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Exosomes as Crucial Players in Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We investigated Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3/-7/-8/-9 and interferon (IFN)-α/β/γ mRNA expression in whole blood and serum IFN-α/β/γ levels in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in healthy subjects to assess the association between the TLR-IFN expression and severity of and susceptibility to diseases, and identify potential biomarkers. Expression of the IFN-γ, TLR-3 and TLR-8 was detected only in SLE patients. TLR-7, IFN-α and IFN-β expression was highest in SLE, while TLR-9 expression was highest in SSc patients. In SLE and MCTD patients a strong correlation was observed between TLR-7 and IFN-α expression and IFN-β and IFN-α expression. In MCTD patients, negative correlation between IFN-α and TLR-9 and TLR-7 and TLR-9 was revealed. TLR-9 expression in anti-U1-70k-negative, anti-C negative and anti-SmB-negative MCTD patients was higher than in MCTD-positive patients. We observed negative correlations between serum IFN-α levels and TLR-7 expression and C3 and C4 levels in SLE patients. In SLE patients we observed that with increased IFN-γ, TLR-3 and TLR-8 expression increased the value of C3 and C4. Our results confirmed that the endosomal TLR-IFN pathway seems to be more important in SLE than in MCTD or SSc, and that IFN-α and IFN-β may be possible biomarkers for SLE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.